The demand for data centers is growing rapidly as businesses and individuals alike increasingly rely on cloud services, big data, and digital connectivity. However, not all locations are equal when it comes to housing these critical infrastructures. From access to renewable energy to tax incentives and connectivity, some states have emerged as top destinations for data center development. In this resource, we’ll explore the leading states driving this trend and what makes them the ultimate hubs for data centers. Top States for Data Center Development The top three states for data center development in the U.S. are Virginia, Texas, and California.  Hosting some of the most notable data centers in the country, these states have been leading the way in data center development due to various factors such as favorable business environment, availability of resources, and strong infrastructure. Property owners in these states are especially well-positioned to take advantage of the data center boom and experience the   benefits of leasing land for data centers . If you own land, consider listing it for data center development on LandApp's marketplace. With zero costs and no obligation to accept offers, LandApp's marketplace connects property owners with leading tech companies actively searching for data center locations. Showcase your property to a vast network and explore opportunities to monetize your land through data center leasing: 1) Data Center Development in Virginia The state leading the country in data center development is   Virginia . Virginia is often referred to as the "Data Center Alley" because it has the largest data center market in the world, hosting over 400 data centers, which is more than 35% of all hyperscale data centers in the world.  Approximately 70% of the world's internet traffic flows through Northern Virginia, cementing its position as a global hub for data infrastructure. The region also dominates data center leasing activity in the United States, boasting 1.6 gigawatts of transaction volume, including projected deliveries over the coming years. Northern Virginia hosts an impressive 51 million square feet of data center space, with just 167,000 square feet currently vacant and 13.4 million square feet actively under construction. Looking ahead, an additional 58.6 million square feet of data center development is planned, highlighting the region's pivotal role in the digital economy. Governor Glenn Youngkin has focused on growing Virginia’s data center industry, highlighting the economic advantages driven by capital investments and increased   local tax revenue . His administration has proposed the creation of a Mega Data Center Incentive Program, which includes extending associated tax credits on qualifying equipment and enabling software for an additional 15 years. Notable Data Center in Virginia: Equinix DC2 Equinix DC2, located in Ashburn, Virginia, is one of the largest data centers in the United States. This cutting-edge facility connects businesses to a dynamic ecosystem of over 290 networks and 450 enterprises. Positioned strategically just seven miles from Dulles International Airport and 30 miles from Washington, D.C., it resides in one of the nation’s leading peering exchange markets. Spanning 147,600 square feet and powered by 5 MW of mission-critical energy,   Equinix DC2  delivers unmatched reliability and performance, making it a cornerstone for businesses seeking seamless connectivity and robust infrastructure. Equinix is steadily expanding its presence in Ashburn with the addition of a new fleet of four-story data centers, boosting the volume of racks and servers hosted in the buildings while further enhancing its growing network of facilities in the region. Equinix has become the first company to unveil plans for a groundbreaking four-story data center in Loudoun County , setting itself apart in a region where most developers typically opt for two-story designs. Notable Data Center in Virginia: PW Digital Gateway Late last year, the Prince William County Board of Supervisors approved the   Prince William Digital Gateway , an ambitious 2,100-acre project poised to become the world’s largest data center campus. Covering 23 million square feet, this facility is expected to generate an impressive $500 million in annual local tax revenue once completed. The decision came after a marathon 27-hour public meeting, during which residents expressed both support and opposition to the development. Meanwhile, state lawmakers are pushing for increased oversight of local decisions regarding data center projects. 2) Data Center Development in Texas Texas is the second top state for data center development in the U.S., with cities like Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas becoming major hubs. Driven by its favorable business environment, abundance of land, and reliable energy resources,  Texas   hosts nearly 300 data centers, with a range of colocation, hyperscale, and enterprise data center locations. Notable Data Center in Texas: Element Critical Skybox Data Center Nestled in Houston’s prestigious Energy Corridor, the Element Critical Skybox data center provides ultra-low latency connectivity to the I-10 fiber optic backbone, ensuring seamless access to the region's key business hubs. This state-of-the-art facility offers best-in-class colocation services and dedicated data halls, enabling rapid deployment of critical IT infrastructure. It features a high-density design that maximizes efficiency while reducing operational costs. Constructed to LEED Gold standards, the facility also boasts an FM I-150-rated concrete roof deck, engineered to withstand hurricane-grade winds up to 190 mph, ensuring unmatched resilience and reliability. Shell has   implemented GRC immersion cooling tanks  at the Element Critical Skybox data center marking a major step by the energy giant into the world of advanced data center technologies. Partnering with Penguin Solutions, Shell has deployed several server clusters powered by AMD processors, all within GRC Immersion Cooling Systems. As part of its broader strategy, Shell—like many energy companies—has ventured into providing immersion cooling fluids to support high-density computing hardware. The company’s S3 X immersion cooling fluid, developed through its proprietary gas-to-liquids process, is derived from natural gas and designed to efficiently cool cutting-edge computing systems. This initiative highlights Shell's commitment to innovation in both energy and technology sectors. Notable Data Center in Texas: CyrusOne DFW3 Data Center Campus Situated on a sprawling 90-acre campus, the   CyrusOne DFW3  data center campus stands as the largest data center campus in Texas, setting a new standard for performance and scalability. Strategically located in Allen, Texas, the facility spans an impressive 976,000 square feet, with 580,000 square feet dedicated to raised floor/white space upon full build-out. Designed from the ground up for maximum efficiency, the facility features cutting-edge cooling technology, exceptionally low PUEs, and robust multi-layered security. 3) Data Center Development in California The third largest data center market in the U.S. is California, specifically the Silicon Valley and Los Angeles regions. With a concentration of tech giants and emerging startups, California is an ideal location for data center development. With over 80 providers across the state,   California  is home to over 400 data centers. The California data center market is projected to experience significant growth in the coming years as more enterprises transition their IT infrastructure to cloud-based solutions. From colocation facilities to hyperscale, enterprise, and cloud-focused projects, California’s data center development is anticipated to expand at an annual growth rate exceeding 7%. Notable Data Center in California: Stockton1 Data Center Commissioned by Nautilus Data Technologies, the 7MW   Stockton1  data center is a pioneering achievement as the first floating data center. Moored at the Port of Stockton, California, this innovative facility is housed on a barge along the San Joaquin River and spans 10,000 square feet of operational space. Designed with a focus on sustainability and resilience, it is strategically located outside seismic zones and floodplains. The carrier-neutral data center is seamlessly connected to an 18-mile, 288-strand redundant fiber ring, linking it to a nearby carrier hotel for robust connectivity. Nautilus highlights its advanced water-cooling technology, which supports high-density computing with over 100kW per rack, achieving an impressive PUE of 1.15. This groundbreaking approach redefines data storage with efficiency and environmental consciousness at its core. Notable Data Center in California: Vantage Santa Clara 1 (CA1) Data Center Campus The   Vantage Santa Clara 1 (CA1) Data Center Campus  stands as California's largest data center campus and a remarkable feat of engineering. Spanning a 21-acre campus in the heart of Silicon Valley, it features six multistory facilities with an impressive 77MW of critical IT load. As the largest LEED Platinum-certified data center campus in North America, it sets a benchmark for sustainability and innovation in the industry. Located near one of the densest fiber connection points in the country, the Vantage C1 data center campus offers diverse fiber paths and multiple available carriers to provide robust connectivity. Additionally, there are three 50MW dedicated substations on-site, guaranteeing reliability and efficiency. The facility leverages gray water for environmentally friendly and sustainable cooling, complemented by an advanced chilled water loop system designed to maximize cooling efficiency while minimizing water usage. Why is Virginia so Popular for Data Centers? A combination of practical factors have made Virginia the perfect choice for expanding data center operations. Data centers in Virginia thrive thanks to robust fiber infrastructure and a highly favorable cost environment. The state offers a competitive tax rate, affordable and plentiful electricity- bolstered by a growing array of renewable energy options- and cost-effective construction. Low Cost of Land:  The initially low cost of Land in Northern Virginia made it an attractive region for data center development. But today, with the region becoming a prime location for data center development, acres are selling rapidly—often for $1 million or more. Low Cost of Electricity:  Ashburn offers electricity costs 20% below the national average, a key advantage as cooling servers is the biggest expense for data centers. With the growing demand for power, this cost efficiency is even more critical. Northern Virginia's strong economy and past development projects reduce the risk of major utility price hikes. The region provides affordable energy and local construction companies with nearly 30 years of specialized data center experience, making them some of the best in the industry. Technically Skilled Workforce: Northern Virginia is home to a highly skilled technical workforce, bolstered by the strong presence of government technology contracting firms. This concentration of expertise has created a rich talent pool that continues to drive growth in the region. Data center operators are rapidly expanding their facilities, fueled by significant investments in constructing new centers and upgrading existing ones. These advancements play a critical role in supporting the growing demand for cloud services, positioning Northern Virginia as a key hub for technological innovation. Stable Power:  Northern Virginia’s appeal as a hub for data centers is strongly tied to its reliable power supply. Dominion Energy, the region’s primary utility provider, delivers approximately 1 Gigawatt of low-cost, dependable energy across Northern Virginia. This consistent power supply, combined with robust   fiber infrastructure  and strong government support, forms the backbone of the region’s thriving data center industry. Furthermore, with electricity rates 20% below the national average, Northern Virginia has established itself as an ideal location for developing cutting-edge technology and hosting infrastructure. Government Support:  The local government actively supports infrastructure development, recognizing the data center industry as a key driver of the modern economy with broad impacts across major sectors. Locally, it boosts employment and   generates significant state tax revenue . Loudoun County has the highest median household income in the U.S., with Fairfax County close behind. The Virginia state government helped drive the development of Data Center Alley, approving the 2014 Data Center Zoning Ordinance to allow new data centers in more districts, provided they meet design guidelines. To maximize space, multi-story data facilities are encouraged. Loudoun County also launched the Fast-Track Commercial Incentive Program, which assigns a dedicated project manager, gives data center projects priority in reviews, and offers tax exemptions for qualifying facilities. Data Centers are Paying Top Dollar for Suitable Properties The growth of data centers is driving innovation, employment, and economic development across the country, and property owners have a unique opportunity to contribute to this booming industry. By selling or   leasing land for data centers , property owners can play a vital role in supporting the expansion of the infrastructure that powers our digital world while monetizing their land. In fact, data center developers are willing to pay up to 2-4x market value for suitable properties, presenting a unique opportunity for property owners to get top dollar for their properties. List Land for Data Centers If you own land and are interested in leasing or selling it for a data center, create a free listing on LandApp's marketplace. With no costs or obligations to accept any offers, LandApp's marketplace allows property owners to display their property to a wide network of top tech companies actively seeking sites for data center development. Create a listing and start exploring offers to monetize your property through data center leasing today:

Learning how to start flipping land can open the door to a lucrative side hustle, or even a full-time business, without the headaches of traditional real estate. But before you jump in, it’s crucial to understand the key steps, legal considerations, and common questions that come with buying, improving, and selling land for a profit. In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know to get started with confidence and avoid costly mistakes along the way. What is Land Flipping? Land flipping is a real estate investment strategy where an investor buys a piece of land at a lower price and then sells it for a profit, usually within a relatively short period of time. This real estate investment strategy isn't as well-known as house flipping, but offers unique advantages. Unlike house flipping, land flipping typically doesn’t involve building or renovating structures- profit comes mainly from buying undervalued land, improving its marketability, or taking advantage of market trends. Pros and Cons of Land Flipping Land flipping can be attractive because it usually requires less upfront capital, lower maintenance, and fewer headaches than flipping houses, but it also comes with risks like longer sales cycles, market fluctuations, and legal considerations. Benefits of Land Flipping Land flipping can be a relatively low‑cost and straightforward way to invest in real estate. With no buildings to maintain and fewer headaches than traditional property, it offers faster closings, scalable opportunities, and the potential for strong returns in the right markets. Lower upfront and holding costs : Land usually costs less than developed properties and doesn’t require ongoing maintenance or repairs. You can start with a relatively small investment and gradually scale up, diversifying your portfolio. Simplicity: Without buildings or tenants to manage, land investments are generally easier to handle than urban real estate investments. Faster closings : Land deals can often close quicker than other types of property acquisitions since there’s no renovation or construction involved. Scalable opportunities : Lower-cost parcels make it easier to invest in multiple properties at once. Similarly, buying undervalued land in the right location can yield strong returns when sold, and the market for vacant land is often less saturated, offering more opportunities to find undervalued pieces. Disadvantages of Land Flipping On the flip side, land flipping carries risks like a smaller buyer pool, market fluctuations, and limited control over increasing a property’s value. Holding costs, zoning restrictions, and environmental or title issues can also make selling more challenging than anticipated. Limited value control : Unlike houses, you can’t add significant improvements to increase a land parcel’s value when you flip land. Smaller buyer pool and holding costs : Vacant land attracts fewer buyers, which can make selling take longer. Property taxes, insurance, and other carrying costs accumulate while you wait to sell. Market and zoning risks : Land values can fluctuate, and zoning or regulatory changes may limit what can be done with the property. Potential legal or environmental issues : Problems like unclear titles, soil contamination , or flood risks can complicate a sale. How to Start Flipping Land To start flipping land, you must start by conducting thorough market research to determine the location that you'd like to purchase land in. After picking an area, you can search for land for sale and find properties that check your boxes and fit within your budget. Then, conduct due diligence on land you're interested in purchasing to determine your land flipping strategy (whether you'd like to sell the property quickly or hold on to it for long-term appreciation). 1) Research the Market and Conduct Due Diligence The first step in any successful land-flipping venture is thorough research and analysis. Start by identifying regions where land is undervalued but has the potential for appreciation. This might include areas on the outskirts of growing cities or places with upcoming infrastructure projects. Evaluate the market and look for trends in land prices, demographic changes, and economic indicators that could signal growth. Once you've pinpointed a promising area, analyze the specific properties available. Consider factors like zoning laws, accessibility, and proximity to amenities. Due diligence  will help you avoid costly mistakes and ensure that the piece of land you buy has good resale potential. Understanding a property’s risks can make or break the potential for it to be flipped. For example, if you are interested in a property that is located in a flood zone, potential buyers  might be less interested. Tools like MLS listings, county records, and online real estate platforms can provide valuable data.   LandApp’s marketplace  is one example of free resource that you can use to find land for sale across the U.S. LandApp's marketplace offers a wide range of filters to help narrow down the potential options for land for sale. Each land listing is enhanced with data and analytics, including proprietary Value and Risk Index Scores, allowing you to conduct due diligence at a glance. A tool you can use to research properties is LandApp's property reports. With LandApp, you can view the different types of risks associated for any property across the country using its proprietary risk index scores that rate different man-made and natural risks on a scale of 0 to 100. LandApp's proprietary risk index scores include oil & gas contamination risk, electricity blackout risk, drought risk, wildfire risk, earthquake risk, flood risk , and more. Simply find a parcel on LandApp's map to create a free property report and see its potential risks, or upgrade to LandApp Pro to create unlimited property reports. 2) Secure Financing to Purchase Land The second step to flip land is to secure financing, which is also one of the key challenges. Unlike homes, vacant land doesn't generate immediate income, making traditional bank loans harder to obtain. However, several other financing options can help you get started with flipping land, like private lenders, seller financing, and partnerships. Private lenders:  These individuals or companies specialize in real estate investments and are often more flexible than banks. They may charge higher interest rates, but the approval process is quicker. Seller financing:  In this arrangement, the seller agrees to accept payments over time rather than a lump sum. This can be beneficial if you have limited upfront capital but can manage monthly payments. Partnerships:  Pooling resources with other investors can provide the necessary capital and spread the risk. Just make sure to have a clear agreement outlining each party's responsibilities and profit shares. If you are interested in generating land deals or are looking for a profit margin, think about renewable energy lease opportunities. Many renewable energy developers are constantly searching for sites to build solar farms or wind turbines and these leases, on the right property, can bring in a lot of revenue opportunities.  Additionally, if you enter a renewable energy lease, you can sell those lease payments  for a lump sum and use the money made from that to purchase another property that has a high value for solar or wind all while avoiding taxes through a potential 1031 exchange. 3) Negotiate and Acquire the Property Acquiring land for land flipping purposes involves several steps, each requiring careful attention to detail. Start by negotiating with sellers. Effective negotiation can result in significant savings, allowing you to buy land below market value. Building relationships with local real estate agents can also be advantageous. They often have access to listings before they hit the market and can offer insights into the local land market. Once you've agreed on a price, ensure a smooth transaction by conducting a thorough title search. This will confirm that the seller has the legal right to sell the property and that there are no liens or disputes. Consider hiring a real estate attorney to review the contract and handle any legal complexities. This step might seem like an added expense, but it can save you from potential legal issues down the road. 4) Determine Your Strategy: Hold, Sell, or Develop After acquiring the land, you'll need to decide whether to develop it, hold it for future appreciation, or sell the property quickly. Each approach ( quick turn or long holding ) has its pros and cons, depending on your financial goals and market conditions. Developing the land can significantly increase its value. This might involve subdividing it into smaller lots, adding utilities, or even constructing buildings. While the land development process requires additional time and investment, the potential returns can be substantial. On the other hand, holding the land can also be profitable. If you anticipate that the area's value will increase, simply holding the land and reselling it later can yield a good profit with minimal effort. This strategy is less risky and involves fewer upfront costs. 5) Market and Sell the Property After you have found and purchased land to flip, it's time to market and sell the property for a profit. Effective marketing is crucial to selling your land quickly and at a good price. Start by creating compelling online listings. High-quality photos and detailed descriptions can attract potential buyers and set your property apart. Social media is another powerful tool. Platforms like Facebook and Instagram allow you to reach a broad audience at a low cost. Join real estate groups and forums to share your listings and connect with interested buyers. Similarly, local advertising shouldn't be overlooked. Consider placing ads in community newsletters, attending local real estate events, and even putting up signs in the area. Word of mouth can also be incredibly effective, so don't hesitate to tell friends and family about your land for sale. The Importance of Due Diligence for Land Flipping and FAQ's When it comes to flipping land, understanding the legal and regulatory landscape is crucial to avoid costly mistakes. Investors need to research zoning laws, land use restrictions, and environmental regulations that could affect the property’s value or limit how it can be developed. Additionally, verifying clear titles, easements, and access rights is essential to ensure the land can be legally sold. Failing to address these considerations upfront can lead to delays, legal disputes, or even loss of investment, making due diligence one of the most important steps in a successful land flip. During our "Due Diligence for Land Investing Webinar," we hosted land investing expert Jonathan Haveles from The Land Method to discuss the proven frameworks for success when it comes to flipping properties. This session went beyond theory and got into how investors evaluate different property types, identify red flags early, and rely on data-driven research instead of guesswork. Catch the full-length recording below: Is it Profitable to Flip Land? Yes, it can be very profitable to flip land. Land flippers can achieve impressive returns, sometimes even earning over 100% ROI solely from the sale price. On top of that, they can generate an additional 15% annual interest. It’s also common for them to recover 80-100% of their initial investment through the down payment alone. Do You Need a Real Estate License to Flip Land? No, a real estate license is typically not necessary to flip land. Since you're buying and selling land for your own purposes and not acting on behalf of a third party, a license is not required. However, obtaining a real estate license can offer valuable advantages for land flippers. It provides access to the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) and could help save on agent commissions, making the process more efficient and cost-effective. What Type of Land is Most Profitable? Farmland is generally considered to be the most profitable type of land to invest in or flip. Land can qualify as farmland if it boasts fertile soil, access to a reliable water source, and ease of tilling. Buying farmland can yield significant profits quickly, often with minimal effort. It can be resold for a profit or leased to farmers. How to Find Land to Flip and Run Due Diligence with LandApp Land flipping offers a unique and lucrative opportunity for real estate investors, but the key to success is thorough research and due diligence. Take the time to understand the market, analyze potential properties, and plan your investments carefully. Finding the right land to flip and running proper due diligence doesn’t have to be overwhelming- LandApp makes it simple. With tools that let you research property boundaries, zoning, topography, and ownership history all in one place, you can quickly identify promising parcels and make informed investment decisions. By leveraging LandApp, you save time, reduce risk, and increase your chances of turning a profitable land flip, all while staying organized and confident throughout the process. Property reports: With LandApp, you can create 3 free comprehensive property reports that assess land features, hidden value, and potential risks on desktop or on our free mobile application (Apple and Google Play stores). By upgrading to LandApp Pro for $6/ month, you can create and export unlimited property reports to research land nationwide. Proprietary risk scores: LandApp has appended its proprietary risk index scores  to over 150 million parcels nationwide. You can see the risk index scores for any property within a free property report, or you can upgrade to LandApp Pro to create unlimited reports. Nationwide data layers: With a free LandApp account on our mobile app, you can access Nationwide map-based data layers for free, like flood zone maps, contaminated site maps, and more. Environmental risks can derail an investment, so it's important to understand the property and it's surrounding area before purchasing a property. *Nothing in this blog is intended to be legal or financial guidance. Anyone seeking legal or financial guidance should consult a licensed attorney or accountant. *

Are you curious about who controls the vast expanses of American soil? Land ownership has always been a cornerstone of wealth and power, and in the United States, this holds especially true for a select group of institutional landowners. These entities, ranging from private families and corporate giants to investment groups and conservation organizations, command millions of acres of land across the nation. Their influence extends far beyond mere physical space, impacting everything from local economies and housing markets to environmental conservation and agricultural production. In this resource, we will explore the largest institutional landowners in the U.S., unveiling the scope of their holdings while delving into the various ways that they use their properties. Key Takeaways Weyerhaeuser Company : 12.4 million acres (primarily timberland), used for timber production, wildlife habitat preservation, and renewable energy projects. Rayonier : 2.7 million acres of timberland, focusing on sustainable forestry, recreational leases, and renewable energy production. Sierra Pacific Industries : 2.4 million acres of timberland, emphasizing sustainable forest management and renewable energy through solar and wind leases. The LDS Church: 2.3 million acres of land (primarily used for agriculture). Green Diamond Resource Company: 2.2 million acres of timberland. The Nature Conservancy : Over 2 million acres, dedicated to environmental conservation and habitat protection. Organization Name Approx. Acreage Owned in the U.S. Weyerhaeuser Company 10.4 million acres Rayonier 2.7 million acres Sierra Pacific Industries 2.4 million acres The LDS Church 2.3 million acres Green Diamond Resource Company 2.2 million acres The Nature Conservancy 2 million acres The Largest Institutional Landowners in the U.S. Some of the largest institutional and corporate landowners in the U.S. have land holdings primarily composed of timberland that they use for a variety of purposes. However, these institutions and corporations own a variety of land types. The largest institutional landowners in the U.S. in 2025 are the Weyerhaueser Company, Rayonier, Sierra Pacific Industries, the LDS Church, Green Diamond Resource Company, and The Nature Conservancy. 1. Weyerhaeuser Company: The Timber Industry The company that owns the most land in the United States is the Weyerhaeuser Company. Weyerhaeuser, a timberland giant, owns approximately 12.4 million acres of land in the U.S. and Canada. They own approximately 10.5 million acres in the U.S., primarily in the Pacific Northwest and Southern regions of the country. Originally founded in 1900, Weyerhaeuser has leveraged its substantial land holdings to become one of the world's largest private owners of   timberland . The company’s vast tracts of forest are not just important for the timber industry; they also play critical roles in wildlife habitat preservation and carbon sequestration, contributing significantly to environmental sustainability. Weyerhaeuser also uses its land assets for community development, mining, natural gas,  leasing for recreational activities , bioenergy, solar power, and wind power. Map of Weyerhaeuser's land ownership in Louisiana from LandApp 2. Rayonier: The Forest Products Leader Rayonier, a notable player in the forest products industry, is another one of the largest corporate landowners in the United States. Rayonier owns and sustainably manages approximately   2.7 million acres  of timberland spread across the Southern U.S. and the Pacific Northwest. Established in 1926, Rayonier has evolved from its initial focus on rayon manufacturing to becoming a prominent timberland real estate investment trust (REIT) following a merger with PotlatchDeltic Corporation in late 2025. Rayonier’s vast forested properties are crucial for producing high-value wood products and fiber used in construction, paper, and other industries. Beyond commercial timber production, the company is committed to sustainable forestry practices, which include habitat conservation and enhancing forest health. Rayonier also engages in recreational leases, allowing the public to enjoy activities such as hunting, fishing, and hiking on its properties. Additionally, the company leases some of its properties for renewable energy production, including solar and wind farms. This multifaceted approach not only supports ecological resilience, but also contributes economically to the communities surrounding its lands. 3. Sierra Pacific Industries: The Timber Giant Sierra Pacific Industries is the third largest corporate landowner in the United States with over 2.4 million acres of timberland. Operated by the Emmerson family, their land is largely located in California, Washington, and Oregon. The Emmerson family became America's largest private landowner in 2021 when they purchased 175,000 acres in Oregon from the Seneca Timber Company. Sierra Pacific Industry's private forest lands are generally open to individual members of the public for recreational activities like biking, hiking, hunting, and skiing.  The company is also committed to sustainable forest management practices, which include replanting and conservation measures to protect wildlife habitats. Additionally, the timber giant uses its land assets for logging operations to sustainably produce wood products and actively supports renewable energy production through solar and   wind leases . Sierra Pacific Industries land ownership map in California from LandApp 4. The LDS Church: Agricultural Titans The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, often referred to as the LDS Church or the Mormon Church, also ranks as one of the largest institutional landowners in the U.S. With an estimated land ownership of 2.3 million acres that is primarily used for agricultural purposes, the LDS Church's land holdings are dispersed across states like Utah, Florida, and Nebraska. Unlike other nonprofits in the U.S., religious organizations don’t have to publicly report their income or assets, including real estate. It is estimated that the church owns an estimated $16 billion worth of property across the country, with around $2 billion of that being for agricultural land specifically. An estimated $134 million of that total is from their agricultural properties in Nebraska, putting them on track to surpass media mogul Ted Turner as the   largest landowner  in the state. The church employs its extensive acreage for various agricultural activities, including cattle ranching and crop production, contributing to its self-sufficiency mission and community-support initiatives. The church sees its land purchases as a force for good, an investment in agriculture “to generate long-term value to support the Church’s religious, charitable, and humanitarian good works,” said a Farmland Reserve spokesman.  Map of Deseret Ranches (~295,000 acres) owned by the LDS Church in West Florida from LandApp 5. Green Diamond Resource Company: Forest Products The Green Diamond Resource Company oversees around 2.2 million acres of working forests across the western and southern U.S., making it one of the nation’s largest corporate landowners, with major holdings in Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, and the Southeast. The company is actively engaged in sustainable forestry, conservation, and carbon sequestration initiatives, with significant portions of its land managed under federal and state wildlife agreements. Over 1.5 million acres are under federal/state conservation agreements, and nearly 630,000 acres are in carbon projects. 6. The Nature Conservancy: The Conservation Stewards The Nature Conservancy  is the sixth largest institutional landowner in the U.S. and stands out among other large landowners due to its focus on environmental conservation. Founded in 1951, the organization began by focusing on purchasing as much land as possible in the name of conservation. Owning over 2 million acres of land across the United States, The Nature Conservancy aims to protect the most ecologically significant lands and waters. Their conservation efforts involve restoring degraded lands, preserving critical habitats for endangered species, and safeguarding natural resources for future generations to ensure that large tracts of land are managed sustainably and are protected from development and exploitation. Other Companies with Large Land Holdings Beyond the timber giants and a few nonprofits, there are a number of companies with large land holdings in the U.S., mostly in timber, agriculture, energy, and ranching. Other companies that owns large amounts of acreage in the U.S. include the Texas Pacific Land Trust, the Westervelt Company, and King Ranch, Inc. Texas Pacific Land Trust: Texas Pacific Land Corporation (TPL), the corporate successor to the Texas Pacific Land Trust, controls roughly 880,000–900,000 acres in West Texas’ Permian Basin, ranking it among the state’s largest landowners. This extensive landholding is strategically positioned and generates income through oil and gas royalties, surface leases, easements, and water services, rather than direct extraction. Westervelt Company: The Westervelt company owns approximately 600,000 acres of land across the Southeastern U.S. in Alabama, Mississippi, and Virginia. They are leaders in sustainable forestry, managing timberlands and providing environmental services across Alabama, California, and Colorado. Their operations span wood products, renewable energy, and wildlife management, all focused on responsible land stewardship. King Ranch, Inc: King Ranch spans roughly 825,000 acres (about 1,289 square miles) in South Texas, ranking it among the world’s largest ranches - larger than the entire state of Rhode Island. Founded in 1853 and designated a National Historic Landmark, the ranch encompasses cattle operations, farmland, communities, and conservation areas. How to Find Out Who Owns Land Land ownership in the United States is dominated not only by individuals but also by corporations and organizations. These large landowners play significant roles in various industries such as agriculture, forestry, environmental conservation, and renewable energy production. Their extensive acreage also contributes economically and socially to local communities across the country. As these large landowners continue to shape the landscape of America, you might be curious about who owns the land in your area or how to find out who owns a specific parcel of land. Here are some ways to discover and learn more about land ownership in the United States: Public Records:  One way to find property owners is by searching public records. Most counties have an online database where you can search for ownership information using the property's address or tax ID number. County Assessor's Office:  If public records do not provide enough information, you can also visit your county assessor's office. They can provide you with a copy of the property's deed, which contains ownership information. Company Websites : Some of these large institutional landowners, including   Rayonier  and Weyerhaeuser, provide the location of the properties that they own on their individual company websites. Online Land Ownership Maps:  Several online tools allow you to find the location of specific properties that individuals and organizations own, such as  LandApp Pro . This platform provides nationwide land ownership information using official records and satellite imagery to create visual representations of land parcels and their owners.

America's public lands represent one of our nation's greatest treasures. From towering mountain ranges to sprawling deserts, these protected spaces offer endless opportunities for adventure, recreation, and connection with nature. But here's the challenge many outdoor enthusiasts face: how do you actually find these hidden gems? With over 640 million acres of public land across the United States, managed by various federal, state, and local agencies, discovering where you can legally explore isn't always straightforward. In this guide, we’ll break down how to find public lands using modern mapping tools and explain the different types of access you’ll encounter. Key Takeaways Public lands are owned collectively by American citizens and managed by federal, state, and local agencies for conservation, recreation, and public benefit Over 640 million acres of public land exist across the United States, managed by various agencies including the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Traditional methods of finding public lands involve visiting multiple agency websites and using physical maps, which can be time-consuming and quickly outdated Modern GPS-enabled apps like LandApp consolidate information from multiple sources, provide accurate property boundaries, work offline, and show your real-time location relative to public lands What is Public Land, and Who Owns it? Public land is land that is owned collectively by American citizens and held in trust and managed by federal, state, or local government agencies. Unlike private property, which belongs to individuals or corporations, public lands are maintained for the benefit of all Americans. This collective ownership is what gives you the right to access, explore, and enjoy these spaces, though certain rules and regulations apply to protect the resource for everyone. Depending on where you are in the country, the owner of public land will fall into one of three categories:  Federal Government:  The largest holder of public land (and the largest landowner in the U.S. ), managed by agencies like the BLM and Forest Service. This land belongs to all U.S. citizens. State Government:  Owned by the state and managed by agencies like State Parks or Departments of Natural Resources. Many states also have trust lands originally granted for funding public institutions like schools, though access rules can vary.  Local Government:  Owned by counties or municipalities, providing easily accessible green spaces closer to urban areas (like parks and open spaces). Public lands serve multiple purposes: conservation of natural resources, protection of wildlife habitat, recreation, timber and mineral extraction, grazing, renewable energy production , and preservation of cultural and historical sites. The concept dates back to the founding of our nation, when vast territories were held by the federal government before being settled. While much of this land was eventually transferred to private ownership, significant portions were deliberately set aside for public benefit. While many people dream of building a secluded cabin in a National Forest or living off-grid on BLM land, the reality is far more regulated. Federal law generally prohibits building a permanent home or living long-term on public land, so you can not build or live on public land. In limited cases, the BLM may issue a right-of-way (ROW) if a project serves the public interest, but a ROW is required for any construction or activity that significantly disturbs or alters public land. You can stay on public land in a mobile setup- like an RV, van, or tent- but only temporarily. Most BLM and U.S. Forest Service areas enforce a 14-day stay limit before you’re required to move on. What are the Types of Public Lands? Across the United States, public land spans approximately 640 million acres. This vast network comprises 59 National Parks, 154 National Forests and grasslands, over 245 million acres of BLM-managed land, and 560 National Wildlife Refuges. National Parks:  National parks are large, protected landscapes preserved for their natural, cultural, and historical value. Created by Congress and managed by the National Park Service, they are designed to remain unimpaired for future generations while offering recreational opportunities. National Wildlife Refugees:  National wildlife refuges focus on conserving wildlife and habitats, while also offering recreation like hiking, wildlife viewing, hunting, and fishing. Managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service , these lands welcome more than 50 million visitors each year. National Conservation Areas:  National conservation areas are BLM-managed public lands set aside by Congress to protect scientific, cultural, and recreational resources for long-term public enjoyment. National Monuments:  National monuments protect specific natural, cultural, or historic features. Some iconic national parks, including the Grand Canyon and Zion, were first designated as national monuments. Wilderness Areas:  Wilderness Areas are the most strictly protected public lands in the U.S., preserved in a natural, undeveloped state under the Wilderness Act of 1964, where humans are visitors, not residents. National Recreation Areas:  National recreation areas are typically located near reservoirs and support water-based activities like boating, fishing, and swimming, while also protecting important natural and cultural resources. How to Find Public Land To find public land, you can use traditional methods (government agency websites or physical maps) or modern-day mapping tools and apps like LandApp.  Traditional Methods for Finding Public Land The old-school approach involves visiting multiple websites for different land management agencies. You might start with the National Park Service website to find parks, then check the Forest Service site for national forests, followed by your state's department of natural resources page. While thorough, this method requires patience and often leaves you juggling multiple maps and sources of information. Physical maps and atlases designed for hunters and outdoor enthusiasts have long been valuable resources. These detailed publications show property boundaries and land ownership , but they can be expensive, quickly outdated, and cumbersome to carry in the field. Local ranger stations and visitor centers remain excellent resources for current information, trail conditions, and insider tips. However, you need to know where these facilities are located and visit during business hours. Modern Methods for Finding Public Land Modern technology has transformed how we discover and navigate public lands. GPS-enabled smartphone apps now put comprehensive land ownership data literally in your pocket. These tools overlay property boundaries onto topographic maps, showing you exactly where public lands begin and end- critical information for staying legal and safe during your adventures. The best digital solutions consolidate information from multiple agencies into a single, user-friendly interface. Instead of checking five different websites, you can see National Forests, BLM land, state parks, and more on one map. Examples of apps that help you find public land are the US Public Lands app and LandApp. LandApp is a free tool that you can download on the Apple and Google Play stores that shows you Wilderness Areas, National Parks, State Parks, and their boundaries across the country. By upgrading to LandApp Pro for $6 monthly, you can see property owner names overlaid on each property. Tips for Finding Public Land and What to Look For When searching for public lands, certain features make the process significantly easier. Accurate property boundaries help you avoid accidentally trespassing on private land, a serious concern in many regions where public and private parcels intermingle. Real-time location tracking shows your exact position relative to these boundaries as you move. Detailed information about access rules, seasonal closures, and permitted activities saves you from planning a trip only to discover your intended activity isn't allowed. Topographic maps help you understand terrain and plan routes, while satellite imagery gives you a realistic preview of what to expect. Similarly, trail systems, camping locations, boat launches, and other points of interest transform a simple map into a comprehensive planning tool. The ability to mark waypoints, save favorite locations, and share coordinates with friends enhances both the planning and execution of your outdoor adventures. For hunting-specific public lands, your state’s Department of Natural Resources (DNR) or Fish and Game website is a goldmine. Look for "Walk-In Access" (WIA) programs, where states lease private land for public hunting use. These boundaries change annually, so checking the current year’s atlas is vital. Download LandApp: See Public Land Maps for Free Finding public lands doesn't have to mean hours of research across multiple websites or investing in expensive atlas collections. With the right tools, you can quickly identify accessible public lands anywhere in the country, understand what activities are permitted, and plan adventures with confidence. Whether you’re a land investor looking for adjacent public perks or an outdoor enthusiast planning your next trip, having the right data is everything. LandApp provides 40+ data layers, including property lines, soil types, and public land boundaries, to help you navigate the outdoors with confidence.

Mineral rights can be a hidden treasure- or a hidden headache- on your property. Whether you’re a landowner curious about potential resources beneath your land or looking to lease or sell those rights, knowing how to research mineral rights is essential. What are Mineral Rights and How Do I Find Them? Mineral rights refer to the ownership of the natural resources beneath the surface of your property. This includes oil, gas, coal, metals, and other valuable minerals. Owning mineral rights can be separate from owning the surface of your land . This means someone else could hold the rights to the minerals below your property, even if you own the land itself. So, how do you find out if you own the mineral rights on your property? The answer starts with property records. Your deeds, county records, and other official documents are the official trail showing who owns the minerals beneath your land. If your deed does not list this information, you will need to contact the County Clerk in the county where your minerals are located. The County Clerk will either assist you in researching property deeds, or they can recommend a landman to assist you with this research. Step-by-Step Guide: How to Research Your Mineral Rights Researching mineral rights can feel like detective work, but with a systematic approach, it becomes manageable. Here’s a step-by-step guide to finding out if you own the mineral rights on your property: 1. Check Your Warranty Deed Start with your property’s warranty deed, which you should have received when you bought the land. This document can tell you whether the mineral rights were included in your purchase or reserved by a previous owner. Look for language related to mineral rights- terms like “minerals,” “oil, gas, and other minerals,” or “excepting and reserving minerals.” Review the Legal Description and Exceptions sections carefully. If the minerals were severed recently, the deed might explicitly state, "Subject to prior mineral reservations."  However, if the severance happened 100 years ago, your current deed might not mention it at all. 2. Visit the County Clerk or Recorder’s Office Most mineral records are housed in the office of the County Clerk or Recorder in the county where the land is located. While some counties have digitized their records, many older "handwritten" books are only available in person. You will need to search the Grantor/Grantee indexes, which list every buyer and seller in the property’s history. 3. Trace the Chain of Title Mineral rights ownership can be split or sold separately from the land. To understand the full history, trace the chain of title, which is the sequence of ownership transfers over time. This is the most critical step, as it may reveal any reservations or sales of mineral rights that could affect your property today. You must work backward from your current deed to the original "patent" (when the government first granted the land to a private citizen). For each transfer of ownership, check if the seller (Grantor) reserved the mineral rights. 4. Search for Mineral Deeds and Leases Mineral rights are often transferred via a specific Mineral Deed  rather than a standard property deed. Additionally, look for Oil and Gas Leases. If a company is currently drilling or paying royalties on your land, a lease will be recorded in the county files. This document will identify the "Lessor," which is the person who actually owns the mineral rights. 5. Check Plat Maps and Property Surveys Plat maps and property surveys can sometimes indicate whether mineral rights were reserved or if there are existing leases. These documents also help confirm the boundaries of your property in relation to neighboring land, which can be important if mineral rights have been sold in parcels. 5. Utilize Online Data Tools Modern technology makes mineral rights research easier. Platforms like LandApp provide access to property data, including ownership records and sometimes historical deeds and even existing leases or mineral rights claims. Online tools can save time and uncover details that might be buried in physical records. LandApp's database does not contain mineral rights ownership information, but you can overlay parcel data with active well locations, giving you a staring point for initial research. If there are active or inactive wells on the property that you weren't aware of, you may be entitled to oil & gas lease or royalty payments if you own the mineral rights, or you you may not own them at all. If you know where your mineral rights are located and want to see how much they could be worth, get a free LandApp Property Report, then click on the Minerals Value Index Score. 6. Search for Mineral Leases and Claims Check with your county or state’s mineral resources office for any recorded leases or claims on your property. If someone else has leased the minerals, these records are usually public and can indicate who currently controls the subsurface rights. 7. Consult a Title Company or Land Attorney If the chain of title is clouded or spans over 150 years, it may be time to hire a professional. A Certified Professional Landman (CPL) or a title attorney can perform a "Title Opinion." This is a formal document that provides a legal guarantee of who owns the minerals, ensuring you are protected before you sign any lease or sale agreements. These professionals specialize in interpreting deeds, resolving conflicting claims, and confirming clear ownership of mineral rights. What are My Mineral Rights Worth? Once you’ve confirmed ownership, the next question is naturally about value. Mineral rights are not valued like surface acreage; mineral rights worth is dictated by geology, proximity, and production. You can get a formal mineral appraisal to determine their fair market value, or you can list your mineral rights for lease or for sale to see what buyers and oil and gas companies are willing to pay. If you are already receiving royalty checks, your minerals are valued based on a multiple of that monthly income (often 3–6 years of cash flow). Non-producing minerals are more speculative and are valued based on the potential for future drilling. Similarly, being in a proven basin like the Permian or Marcellus significantly boosts value. Even if there isn't a well on your property, active rigs on neighboring tracts increase the "proven" potential of your mineral rights. Determine Mineral Value with a Mineral Appraisal A mineral appraisal is a formal, professional valuation of the natural resources lying beneath a property’s surface (such as oil, gas, coal, or precious metals). Unlike a standard real estate appraisal that looks at houses or land value, a mineral appraisal focuses on the geological potential and income-generating capacity of the subsurface. It's important to weigh the benefits of getting a mineral appraisal against potential drawbacks, including costs, time, and the inherent uncertainty of market volatility with going another route with mineral appraisals. The requirement for landowners to have their minerals appraised before listing or selling them can vary depending on the jurisdiction and specific circumstances. However, it is generally advisable for landowners to consider obtaining a mineral appraisal for several reasons. Pros of Obtaining a Mineral Appraisal The advantages of obtaining a mineral appraisal include establishing a fair market value for estate planning and taxation purposes and assisting with informed decision-making and negotiations. Establishing Fair Market Value:  An appraisal helps determine the fair market value of the minerals, taking into account factors such as location, quality, quantity, market conditions, and potential extraction costs. This information can be valuable when negotiating a sale, lease, or royalty agreement, ensuring that landowners receive fair compensation. Informed Decision-Making : A mineral appraisal provides landowners with a comprehensive understanding of the value and potential of their minerals. This knowledge can help them make informed decisions about selling, leasing, or retaining their mineral rights based on their financial goals and long-term plans. Negotiation Tool : Having an appraisal report strengthens a landowner's position during negotiations with potential buyers or lessees. Armed with a professional assessment, landowners can confidently negotiate terms and prices, potentially increasing their bargaining power. Estate Planning and Taxation : A mineral appraisal can be useful in estate planning, as it helps determine the value of assets for inheritance and taxation purposes.   It provides a documented and independent valuation that can be crucial when dealing with legal and financial matters. Cons of Obtaining a Mineral Appraisal The cons of getting a mineral appraisal include potentially high costs, long time frames, and market volatility that could affect the value of mineral rights . Cost:  Hiring a professional appraiser can involve fees and expenses, which might be considered a drawback, especially for landowners with limited   financial resources. However, the cost of an appraisal is often outweighed by the potential benefits it provides in terms of informed decision-making and maximizing returns. Time and Effort : Obtaining a mineral appraisal takes time, as it requires researching and engaging with a qualified appraiser. Landowners who are in a hurry to sell or lease their minerals may find the process slightly inconvenient. Uncertainty and Market Volatility : The value of mineral rights can fluctuate due to changes in market conditions, commodity prices, technological advancements, and regulatory factors. An appraisal provides a snapshot of the market value at a specific point in time, and future developments may affect the actual realized value. Get a Free Property Report Understanding the nuances of subsurface value can be overwhelming. This is where LandApp provides a competitive edge. Our platform aggregates proprietary data, including production history, nearby well activity, and geological suitability, to give you a clearer picture of your land's hidden assets. To get a free mineral rights estimate, find your property on LandApp's map to generate your free property report. See What Mineral Buyers are Willing to Pay While historical research and professional appraisals provide a strong foundation, the truest measure of value is what a competitive market is willing to pay right now. One of the most effective ways to gauge this is by listing your mineral rights for lease or for sale on a specialized platform like LandApp. By exposing your assets to a nationwide network of verified buyers and energy developers, you create a competitive environment that can drive up offers far beyond a single unsolicited letter. Best of all, listing on LandApp's nationwide marketplace comes with no fees, no commissions, and zero obligation to accept an offer. It is a risk-free way to test the market, gain transparency, and discover the hidden opportunity beneath your soil without any upfront costs or pressure to sell.

When it comes to farmland in the United States, ownership isn’t just in the hands of family farmers- it’s increasingly dominated by massive private landholders whose holdings span hundreds of thousands of acres. Leading the pack are billionaires Stan Kroenke, John Malone, and Ted Turner, whose vast properties give them outsized influence over American agriculture, rural economies, and food supply. In this post, we’ll take a closer look at these top landowners, how they built their farmland empires, and what their growing footprints mean for farmers and communities across the country. Largest Farmland Owner Name Approx. Acreage Owned Stan Kroenke 2.7 million acres John Malone 2.2 million acres Ted Turner 2 million acres Bill Gates 275,000 acres Stewart & Lynda Resnick 190,000 acres Offutt Family 190,000 acres Fanjul Family 190,000 acres Who Owns the Most Farmland in the U.S.? Largest Agricultural Landowners Farmland sits at the intersection of profitability, stability, sustainability, and scarcity- making it a compelling asset for billionaires looking decades ahead, not just years. The largest agricultural landowners in the United States are Stan Kroenke, John Malone, Ted Turner, Bill Gates, Stewart and Lynda Resnick, the Offutt family, and the Fanjul family. 1. Stan Kroenke Stan Kroenke, a businessman and sports team owner, is the largest farmland owner in the U.S. He owns around 2.7 million acres of land. His diverse land holdings encompass both agricultural and recreational properties, so it's unclear how much of that is farmland specifically. In late 2025, he purchased nearly a million acres of ranch land in New Mexico from the heirs of late industrialist Henry Singleton, making him the largest landowner in the U.S. Map of Stan Kroenke's ranch land in New Mexico, purchased in late 2025 2. John Malone John Malone, a prominent media executive and business magnate, owns more than 2.2 million acres of land in the United States, including ranches and farmland, making him the second-largest farmland owner in the country. His holdings span both agricultural and recreational properties across states like Maine, Colorado, and New Mexico, though the exact portion of his acreage dedicated specifically to farmland is not publicly detailed. According to the Land Report , a key focus of the Malone Family Land Preservation Foundation is the Perennial Agriculture Project, a partnership with the Land Institute, which develops science-based methods for sustainable food production that protect soil and land. 3. Ted Turner Ted Turner, the media entrepreneur and founder of CNN, ranks as the third-largest farmland owner in the United States. He owns roughly 2 million acres of land nationwide, much of which consists of expansive ranches, including the Vermejo Park Ranch in New Mexico, which is one of the largest ranches in the U.S. Beyond bison ranching, many of Turner’s properties are dedicated to conservation and land stewardship. While an estimated 200,000 acres of his holdings are used specifically for farmland, the precise figure has not been publicly confirmed. Map of Ted Turner's 590,000 acre Vermejo Park Ranch in New Mexico along the Colorado border 4. Bill Gates Bill Gates, the co-founder of Microsoft, and his former wife, Melinda Gates, are widely known for their philanthropy and also for owning a substantial portfolio of U.S. farmland. According to the Land Report , Gates owns an estimated 275,000 acres across 17 states, ranking him as the fourth-largest farmland owner in the country. Despite the size of his holdings, they represent less than 1/4,000th of all U.S. farmland. The properties are managed by a professional team focused on diversification, productivity, and long-term value, with investments aimed at improving agricultural efficiency and supporting job creation. These farmland assets are managed through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, though Melinda Gates departed the foundation in June 2024. 5. Stewart and Lynda Resnick Stewart and Lynda Resnick, entrepreneurs behind The Wonderful Company , have made a name for themselves in the agricultural industry and represent the fifth largest farmland owner in the U.S. The Wonderful Company owns approximately 190,000 acres of farmland, mostly in California, and is involved in the production of fruits, nuts, and other agricultural products. 6. The Offutt Family The Offutt family are prominent American agricultural landowners, best known for R.D. Offutt Farms (also called the R.D. Offutt Company), a large family-run farming operation headquartered in Fargo, North Dakota. They own roughly 190,000 acres of farmland, ranking among the largest private farmland owners in the U.S. Most of their land, located primarily in North Dakota and Minnesota, is dedicated to large-scale crop production, with potatoes as a major focus. R.D. Offutt Company is one of the nation’s leading potato producers, and their farms also grow crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat across different parcels of their holdings. Map of the Offutt family's land ownership in central Minnesota 7. The Fanjul Family The Fanjul family is among the largest private farmland owners in the U.S., holding approximately 190,000 acres of agricultural land. Their land is primarily dedicated to large-scale sugarcane cultivation, particularly in Palm Beach County, Florida, where their flagship company, Florida Crystals Corporation, manages the extensive sugarcane fields. These operations make the Fanjul's one of the nation’s largest privately held sugar producers, with their Florida acreage alone supplying a significant portion of the U.S. sugar market. The sugarcane harvested from these fields is processed in multiple family-owned mills and facilities, producing sugar and sweetener products for both domestic and international brands. Beyond sugarcane, portions of their land are used for rotation crops like rice and corn, employing sustainable farming practices. Why Are Billionaires Buying Farmland? Billionaires are buying farmland for a mix of financial, strategic, and long-term reasons- many of which make farmland especially attractive compared to other assets. Farmland is a stable, long-term investment and a hedge against inflation that allows them to diversify their portfolios. Plus, there is only a limited supply of farmland, meaning that it appreciates in value over time. Stable, long-term investment: Farmland has historically delivered steady returns with lower volatility than stocks. Farmland investments tend to appreciate over time and can generate income through crops, leases, or ranching. Some of the largest private landowners in the United States invest in farmland as a way to secure valuable, appreciating assets. Inflation hedge: As food prices rise with inflation, farmland values and farm revenues often rise too, making it a strong hedge when currencies lose purchasing power. Limited supply: They aren’t making more land. High-quality farmland is finite, which supports long-term value and scarcity-driven appreciation. However, this concentration of ownership can drive up land prices, creating challenges for smaller or independent farmers who may find it harder to acquire or expand their holdings amid rising costs. Portfolio diversification: Farmland behaves differently than equities, tech, or urban real estate investments , helping ultra-wealthy investors and billionaires reduce risk by diversifying their portfolios. Tax advantages: Agricultural land can offer favorable tax treatment, conservation easements, and long-term estate planning benefits. Food security and global demand: With population growth, climate pressure, and supply-chain volatility, productive land is increasingly seen as a strategic asset tied to future food security. Philanthropic foundations, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, acquire farmland to support broader initiatives in sustainable development and global challenges. Conservation: Some billionaires, like Ted Turner, invest in farmland to promote sustainable agriculture, soil health, conservation, or regenerative practices aligned with environmental goals. Farmland Owners: How LandApp Helps You Find Property Ownership Data Traditionally, finding agricultural landowners owners means digging through public records, county assessor databases, or piecing together information from company websites- an approach that’s time-consuming and often fragmented. Online tools like LandApp Pro have changed that. With nationwide coverage, official public records, real-time parcel data, and satellite imagery layered into one intuitive map, LandApp Pro makes it easy to instantly identify property boundaries and farmland owners in seconds. Skip the guesswork and manual searches and subscribe to LandApp Pro to access the most efficient, accurate, and visual way to find property owners anywhere in the U.S.- all available on desktop or on our mobile app.

The United States is the third largest country in the world by land area, with a total of 3,796,742 square miles. As such, it should come as no surprise that there are some massive landowners within its borders. But who owns the most land in the U.S.? This resource explores the largest landowners in the U.S., examining the expanse of their holdings, the nature of their properties, and the significant influence they wield over the land and its resources. From private investors and ranching moguls to conservation organizations and corporate giants, these landowners play a pivotal role in various sectors, including agriculture, forestry, and renewable energy development. Largest Landowners in the United States in 2026 The largest landowners in the United States in 2026 are the U.S. government, Native America Tribes, the Weyerhaeuser Company, Rayonier, the Emmerson Family, John Malone, and Ted Turner. Largest Landowner Name Approximate Acreage Owned The U.S. Government 650 million acres Native American Tribes 56 million acres The Weyerhaeuser Company 10.5 million acres Rayonier 2,700,000 acres Stan Kroenke 2,700,000 acres The Emmerson Family 2,440,000 acres John Malone 2,200,000 acres Ted Turner 2,000,000 acres The Reed Family 1,615,000 acres The Buck Family 1,320,000 acres The Irving Family 1,267,000 acres Source: The Land Report 1) The United States Government While many people may associate large land ownership with wealthy private individuals or families, the reality is that much of the land in the United States is owned by the federal and state governments. The largest landowner in the country is the United States government itself- not a person or a family. The U.S. government owns a staggering near-650 million acres of land, which accounts for roughly 28% of all land in the country. This includes popular national parks such as Yellowstone, Yosemite, and the Grand Canyon. LandApp map showing land owned by the United States of America surrounding Las Vegas, Nevada. The majority of Nevada is federally owned and managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). On May 6th, 2025, House Republicans approved an amendment permitting the sale of nearly 460,000 acres of federal public land in Nevada and Utah. The amendment faced major opposition, and was removed from the Big Beautiful Bill, but GOP lawmakers are still arguing that the initiative will help reduce the national deficit and contribute to paying down the nation’s debt by producing billions in new revenue and cost savings. Although this is only a small percentage of public lands owned by the U.S. government, this decision has sparked nationwide debate due to a variety of concerns. 2) Native American Tribes Native American tribes jointly hold an estimated 56 million acres of land in the United States, which is approximately 2.4% of the total U.S. land area. This land is mainly held in trust by the federal government for the tribes and is used for a variety of purposes, including cultural preservation, agriculture , and economic development. Land owned by the Sioux Nation in Southern South Dakota displayed in LandApp Pro showing boundaries for the Pine ridge Reservation, Rosebud Reservation, Crow Creek Reservation, and Lower Brule Reservation. 3) The Weyerhaeuser Company Weyerhaeuser Company is the largest institutional landowner in the United States, owning approximately 10.5 million acres in the U.S. and an additional 2 million acres in Canada. Founded in 1900, this timberland giant has grown into one of the world’s largest private owners of forested land. Its vast holdings support the timber industry while also providing critical wildlife habitat and acting as major carbon sinks, contributing to environmental sustainability. Beyond forestry, Weyerhaeuser leverages its land for community development, mining, natural gas, recreational leasing, bioenergy, solar, and wind energy projects. Map of Weyerhaeuser's land ownership in Northern Louisana from LandApp 4) Rayonier Rayonier, a major U.S. forest products company, owns and manages around 2.7 million acres of timberland across the Southern U.S. and Pacific Northwest. Founded in 1926, it has evolved from rayon manufacturing into a leading timberland REIT . Its forests supply high-value wood and fiber for construction, paper, and other industries, while sustainable forestry practices protect wildlife habitat and forest health. Rayonier also leases land for recreation- like hunting, fishing, and hiking- and for renewable energy projects, including solar and wind, supporting both ecological resilience and local economies. 5) Stan Kroenke Stan Kroenke is a real estate developer and sports team owner, with approximately 2.7 million acres of land in the United States scattered through 7 states. His largest property is the W.T. Waggoner Ranch in Texas, which spans over 534,000 acres. In late 2025, Stan Kroenke dramatically increased his already vast land portfolio by acquiring nearly a million acres of ranchland in New Mexico, solidifying his position as the largest private landowner in the U.S. At the same time, he continued pursuing major urban development projects in Denver around Ball Arena and in California’s San Fernando Valley, purchasing land for future entertainment, sports, and residential ventures. Stan Kroenke also owns Ca ñ on Blanco Ranch, an 80,892-acre working cattle ranch located just 30 minutes from Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico. 6) The Emmerson Family According to The Land Report's Top 100 Largest Landowners list, the largest private landowner in the United States is the Emmerson family, which owns and operates Sierra Pacific Industries, one of the largest lumber producers in the country. With a land ownership of over 2,411,00 million acres, mainly timberland in California, Washington, and Oregon, the Emmerson's are among the wealthiest landowners in the world. In fact, in October 2021, Sierra Pacific Industries announced a historic acquisition of 175,000 acres of land in Oregon. Map from LandApp Pro showing Red Emmerson’s Seneca Jones Timber ( red ) and Sierra Pacific Industries ( blue ) holdings in Southeast Oregon. 7) John Malone The second largest private landowner in the U.S. and the fourth largest landowner overall in 2025 is John Malone. With land ownership of over 2,200,000 million acres spread over 13 states, Malone is the chairman of Liberty Media and has made a fortune in the telecommunications industry. Most of his land holdings are in Maine and New Hampshire, and they are primarily used for conservation purposes. LandApp's map showing John Malone’s 91,000-acre Harmony Land and Cattle holdings in Elbert, Douglas, and El Paso counties on the Colorado Front Range near Denver and Colorado Springs. 8) Ted Turner Rounding out the top three largest private landowners in the country is media mogul Ted Turner. With a land ownership of over 2 million acres, Turner is also known for his conservation efforts and has designated much of his land as protected wildlife habitats. His extensive real estate holdings also include ranch and farmland. His largest property is the Vermejo Park Ranch in New Mexico, which spans over 565,000 acres and stands as one of the largest ranches in the U.S . Ted Turner’s Vermejo Park holdings in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado shown on LandApp's m ap . Turner’s Vermejo Ranch lies within the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and is adjacent to Carson National Forest and Little Costilla Peak. 9) The Reed Family The Reed Family, known for their business in manufacturing and retail, has an estimated land ownership of over 1.6 million acres, making them the seventh largest landowner in the United States. Most of the Reed family's land is located in Nevada and California and is used primarily for timber. The family currently owns Simpson Investment Company, established 1890, and its spin-off company, Green Diamond Resource. 10) The Buck Family In addition to co-founding Subway and being a nuclear physicist, Peter Buck is the ninth largest landowner in the United States, owning over 1.23 million acres of land. Peter Buck co-founded Subway, one of the largest restaurant brands, and is a nuclear physicist. Following Subway's success, Buck acquired 925,000 acres of timberland in Maine. In 2020, he expanded his holdings with an additional 311,000 acres, elevating him from 9th to 7th on the list of largest landowners. Notably, Buck is also the owner of Tall Timbers Trust, one of Maine’s largest timberland owners. 11) The Irving Family The Irving Family of Canada also has significant land ownership in the United States, with an estimated 1.3 million acres of land. In Canada, the Irving Family owns 1.9 million acres of land. Their holdings include property in Maine and New Brunswick, as well as ranches in Texas. Their land holdings are primarily composed of timberland, and the family contributes significantly to forestry initiatives in North America. The Irving Family plants approximately 20 million trees each year. Other Large Landowners in the United States While these may be the top 11 largest landowners in the United States in 2026 so far, there are many other notable individuals and families with significant land holdings in the country. These include media mogul Rupert Murdoch, who owns approximately 833,000 acres of land, and Bill Gates, who owns nearly 300,000 acres of farmland, making him one of the largest farmland owners in the U.S. Another large landowner is Jeff Bezos, who owns approximately 420,000 acres of land in 2024. Various corporations and institutions in the United States also own large amounts of land. The largest institutional landowners in the U.S. include The Nature Conservancy (2 million acres) and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1.7 million acres). These institutions own significant acreage across the country, composed of various types of land used for different purposes. Overall, large land ownership in the United States is a diverse mix of government ownership, private individuals and families, and corporations. Beyond the top eight mentioned in this resource, there are still many other significant landowners contributing to the vast landscape of the country. As the population continues to grow and urban development expands, it will be interesting to see how these landowners manage their properties and contribute to the changing landscape of the United States. How to Find Out Who Owns Land Wondering how to find out who owns land? LandApp Pro c ontains ownership information for every U.S. parcel! For just $6 per month, subscribers can search for land by owner or organization name, revealing the exact location of their properties. LandApp Pro is available on desktop or mobile, allowing you to find property owners wherever you go.

Buying or owning land is a significant investment. You might think you know everything about your plot of dirt, but the legal boundaries, ownership history, and zoning regulations tell a much deeper story. If you’ve ever stared at a fence line and wondered if it’s actually in the right place, or tried to figure out who owns the vacant lot next door, you’ve been looking for parcel information. Traditionally, finding this data meant trips to the county clerk’s office, digging through dusty filing cabinets, or paying for expensive subscriptions. That’s where LandApp changes the game. We believe property data should be accessible to everyone. In this guide, we’ll break down what parcel data actually is, why it matters, and how you can access detailed reports for your property- completely free- using LandApp. Find your parcel on our map to get your free property report and see detailed parcel information for your property today: What is Parcel Information? Parcel information is the official data record for a specific piece of land for identification, taxation, and record-keeping, primarily managed by local governments like county assessor's offices. Every piece of real estate in the United States is assigned a parcel number, often called an Assessor’s Parcel Number (APN). This unique identifier links the land to a wealth of public records maintained by local government agencies. While a street address tells you where a house sits, parcel data tells you about the land itself. Comprehensive parcel information typically includes: Property Boundaries:  The exact shape and dimensions of the lot. Ownership Details:  Who currently owns the property and their mailing address. Tax History:  Past property tax assessments and payment status. Zoning Codes:  Regulations dictating how the land can be used (residential, commercial, agricultural, etc.). Acreage:  The precise size of the lot. Sales History:  Previous purchase prices and transfer dates. Land Use:  Current classification of the property. Why is Parcel Information Important for Landowners? Parcel information is essential for landowners as it clearly defines property boundaries, ownership, and legal status. It helps prevent disputes, ensures accurate property taxes, facilitates sales through unique identifiers like APNs, and supports development by outlining zoning, easements, and neighborhood details. This information serves as a crucial record for all property-related activities, from understanding land value to adhering to local regulations. You don’t need to be a real estate developer to benefit from parcel data. Whether you are a homeowner, a property investor , or simply curious about your property, having access to these details is crucial for making informed decisions. 1) Verification of Ownership and Boundaries Disputes over property lines are surprisingly common. A neighbor might build a shed that crosses onto your land, or a fence might be installed a few feet off the actual boundary. Accessing the official parcel map helps you visualize your property lines. While it doesn't replace a professional survey, it provides a strong starting point for understanding exactly what you own. Additionally, knowing the legal owner of adjacent properties allows you to contact them directly regarding shared concerns, like overgrown trees or drainage issues. 2) Understanding Potential Land Use Zoning laws can be complex. Just because you own the land doesn't mean you can build whatever you want on it. Parcel information reveals the zoning code attached to your property. This code determines if you can build an accessory dwelling unit (ADU), start a home business, or keep livestock. If you are buying land, checking the zoning is the first step to ensuring your dream project is actually legal. 3) Accurate Tax Assessments Property taxes are often the largest carrying cost for landowners. Assessors sometimes make mistakes regarding lot size or improvements, which can lead to over-taxation. By reviewing your parcel data, you can verify that the county has the correct information on file. If you find discrepancies, like being taxed for a structure that was demolished years ago, you can use the parcel data to contest the assessment and potentially save money. How Can I Find Detailed Parcel Information for My Property? To find detailed parcel information for your property, you can visit your County Assessor's website. There, you can typically search by address, owner, or parcel number on their GIS/Parcel Viewer to find tax, zoning, and permit data. You can also check the County Recorder/Clerk for deeds or use online platforms like LandApp for maps and boundary details. LandApp has aggregated data from thousands of counties across the U.S. into one seamless, easy-to-use interface. Step 1: Search by Address, APN, or Location To get detailed parcel information for your property using LandApp's free tools, start by finding your parcel on LandApp's map on desktop or on our free mobile app, available on the Apple and Google Play stores. You don’t need to know the obscure legal description of your land. Just type in the street address, the Assessor’s Parcel Number (if you have it), or even zoom in on the map to find your property. Step 2: Instantly View Property Details Once you select a parcel to create a Property Report, our system will immediately show you your property lines and parcel details, like acreage, APN, parcel ID, address, and coordinates. You can export this information into a free PDF Property Report to see the details, or view it within the Parcel Data and Property Features tabs. This data is completely free. Step 3: Upgrade to LandApp Pro to See Assessor data If you'd like to see ownership and assessor data (including sales and transaction history) for your property, subscribe to LandApp Pro for $6/ month. When you subscribe to LandApp Pro, you gain access to ownership and assessor data for properties across the country, not just your own property.

Land is the original American dream, and buying land is an exciting opportunity full of potential. Unlike a home, land gives you a blank canvas to bring your ideas to life- the possibilities are endless! Finding affordable land for sale in the United States may be easier than you think. Don’t let assumptions hold you back from owning your own property. Cheap land for sale is available across the country; you just need to know where to look. This guide explores the most affordable states to buy land in the U.S. and helps you find your perfect plot without breaking the bank. Key Takeaways: New Mexico, Arizona, Michigan, Arkansas, and Mississippi are the most affordable places to buy land in 2026. Desert and arid regions have the cheapest land for sale. New Mexico and Wyoming have the cheapest farmland for sale in the country. The value of land is dependent on many factors including proximity to urban areas, proximity to infrastructure, location, accessibility, and more. The Most Affordable Places to Buy Land in the United States The cheapest land in the United States can be found in New Mexico, Arizona, Michigan, Colorado, and Arkansas. However, it ’s important to note that the price per acre of a piece of property is dependent on several factors, including location and the type of land. For example, according to the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) , cropland in the Corn Belt averaged $8,940 per acre in 2024, while prices for cropland in the Southern Plains averaged only $2,640 per acre. State Approx. $/acre Price Best Regions Notes New Mexico ~$400 to $6,000, $6500/ac median Luna, Valencia, Torrance, Rio Arriba, Catron Counties Lowest overall prices, especially in remote and desert areas. Arizona ~$400 to $1,000, $4,000/ac median Mohave, Navajo, Cochise, Apache Counties Desert and high-desert counties have the lowest prices Michigan ~$1,000, $3,900/ac median Rural Northern & Upper Peninsula areas Remote, southern land in Michigan is the most affordable Arkansas ~$1,000–$3,000, $8,000/ac median Izard, Sharp, Fulton, Stone Counties Land in the ozarks can be cheaper than the state median Mississippi ~$1,500 to $4,000, $5,200/ ac median Holmes, Coahoma, Sharkey, Issaquena Counties Central & Delta counties usually have the cheapest rural land Colorado ~$700 to $1,000, $6,000/ac median Costilla, Huerfano, Las Animas, Saguache Counties Rural southeastern counties often offer the lowest prices Wyoming ~$500 to $1,000, $10,000/ac median Sweetwater, Carbon, Fremont Counties Remote ranch and desert landscapes have the cheapest land The cost of buying land varies across states, cities, and counties, making it misleading to generalize. In certain counties, land on the northern side of the state can be twice as cheap per acre compared to the southern side, and vice versa. Always remember that land that can generate income  will likely be more expensive than land that can’t. As a general rule, the cheapest land in the United States tends to be desert land without utilities. Many of these areas have limited uses given their limited infrastructure, at least for the time being. Other examples of land that tends to be more affordable includes properties with no legal access, extremely remote locations, off-the-grid tracts with dense vegetation that is of little value, and certain non-buildable lots. 1) New Mexico New Mexico is the most affordable state to buy land in the U.S. New Mexico's diverse geography encompasses mountains, valleys, and grasslands, but a significant portion of the state is desert land. Desert land is highly affordable due to its remote nature. Land for sale in New Mexico is available at very low prices, such as in Luna County, where it can be found for under $400 per acre. New Mexico also has the cheapest farmland in the U.S. According to the USDA , farmland in New Mexico averaged just $725 per acre in 2025. New Mexico leads the nation in pecan and chile production, earning its reputation as an agricultural powerhouse. The state’s farmland is also dedicated to producing beef, milk, hay, corn, wheat, potatoes, and more, showcasing its diverse and thriving agricultural industry. 2) Arizona Arizona offers affordable land options, particularly in its arid desert regions. While some parts of the state boast forests, canyons, and even ski resorts, southern and western Arizona are characterized by scorching summers, mild winters, and thriving cactus populations. Although you can find cheap land for sale throughout Arizona, you’ll find the cheapest land in the western and southern regions of the state. In Apache and Cochise Counties, land for sale can be found for $400 to $1,000 per acre. Densely populated areas such as Phoenix, Tuscon, and Flagstaff generally have higher land prices compared to the rest of Arizona. 3) Michigan Michigan offers affordable land thanks to its unique geography and abundance of natural resources. The state is divided into two large peninsulas, the Lower Peninsula and the Upper Peninsula, each with its own distinct characteristics. The Upper Peninsula, in particular, is known for its remote and sparsely populated areas, making it an ideal destination for those seeking solitude and connection with nature. This region presents opportunities for hunting land, rustic cabins, recreational properties, and even land with water features such as lakes, streams, and rivers. Surrounded by three of the Great Lakes- Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron- the Upper Peninsula’s off-the-grid nature and scenic beauty contribute to the availability of affordable land. Whether you're looking to build a retreat, invest in property, or simply escape city life, Michigan's diverse landscape offers options to fit a variety of needs and budgets. 4) Arkansas Arkansas is widely recognized as one of the most budget‑friendly states to buy rural land in the U.S. Its combination of vast forests, farmland, river valleys, and Ozark and Ouachita mountain terrain creates huge opportunities for buyers at a wide range of price points. Some rural land can be found for under $1,000 to $3,000 per acre, which is far below national averages- though prices vary a lot by region and land type. Marion County and Newton County have some of the most affordable land for sale in Arkansas. 5) Mississippi Mississippi is one of the most affordable states in the U.S. to buy land, particularly outside major metropolitan and coastal areas. Its rural landscape, abundant timber, farmland, and low population density make it an ideal choice for buyers looking to get the most value for their money. Broad market data shows that rural land in Mississippi generally ranges from $2,500 to $6,000 per acre, depending on location and land type, while some guides report that many parcels can be found for as low as $1,500 to $4,000 per acre. For those seeking the best deals, Winston and Walthall Counties consistently rank among the most affordable areas in the state, offering prime opportunities for budget‑minded buyers. 6) Colorado Colorado offers a mix of expensive real estate in popular areas like Aspen and Steamboat Springs, along with more affordable options throughout the state. From desert land to inhospitable mountain land, Colorado provides diverse opportunities for land ownership. While cheap land can be found, it is more prevalent in the extremes, where land use is limited. In Colorado, the cheapest land can typically be found in the Southern region. These areas are often more remote and less populated, making them less expensive. For instance, Costilla County in the San Luis Valley, is known for its affordable land prices with vast tracts of desert and mountain land. Similarly, Las Aminas County offers cheap land options ranging as low as $700 per acre, particularly in its less developed regions. 7) Wyoming From rugged mountains to wide-open plains Wyoming offers diverse landscapes that create opportunities for affordable land, especially in remote areas. In Southwestern Wyoming near Wamsutter and in Southern Wyoming near Rawlins, land can be found for as low as $500 per acre, making it ideal for buyers seeking inexpensive property with scenic, wide-open views. Farmland is also surprisingly affordable, with irrigated cropland, dry cropland, and rangeland averaging around $1,000 per acre according to the USDA's 2025 Land Values Summary Report . Common crops include hay, wheat, oats, and barley, and irrigation is key in the drier western regions. Whether you’re looking to build, invest, or farm, Wyoming offers plenty of opportunities to own a piece of the American West. How to Find Affordable Land for Sale There are many places to purchase affordable land in America. Here is another guide that goes into a detailed top 10 list of best states to buy land  in the United States including Florida, Tennessee, Missouri and Georgia.  Before buying any property regardless of its location, it's crucial to conduct thorough research and address key questions. Land buyers must especially consider their intended use case for the land and whether or not properties of interest check those boxes before making any decisions. Don't let the low price deceive you -ensure it's a sound investment and suitable for your needs. Check out L andApp's free online marketplace to explore thousands of unique properties and cheap land listed for sale by agents and owners across the country. You can filter by location, price, property type, and more to find affordable land for sale on desktop or on our free mobile app, available to download on the Apple and Google Play Stores. Download LandApp for free or visit LandApp's marketplace on desktop Filter listings by location, price, property type and more Click 'Apply' or 'Save Search' to save listing filters or enable new listing notifications Select a listing of interest to view property images, parcel details, and property features Click 'Contact Seller' to make an offer Interested in purchasing cheap land in the U.S.? Check out LandApp Pro to help you conduct due diligence on properties you're interested in purchasing. For just $6 per month, LandApp provides due diligence tools and nationwide property data for over 150 million parcels, like our proprietary risk index scores that assess man-made and potential risks, saving you hours of time conducting due diligence.

Imagine trying to explain the shape of a mountain to someone using only words. You might say it's steep on one side and gentle on the other, or that it has two peaks with a deep valley in between. Now, imagine trying to draw that on a flat piece of paper. This is the challenge cartographers faced for centuries until they perfected the topographic map. Unlike standard road maps that just tell you how to get from point A to point B, topographic maps tell you what the journey will actually feel like. They turn a two-dimensional sheet of paper into a three-dimensional representation of the Earth's surface. Whether you are a hiker planning your next summit, an architect scoping out a building site, or just a curious explorer, understanding these maps is a superpower. In this guide, we will break down exactly what topographic maps are, why they matter, and how to read the secret language of contour lines. Understanding topography is one thing; having instant access to it is another. Instead of fumbling with giant paper maps or outdated websites, use LandApp to access high-quality, nationwide topographic maps right from your pocket. Download LandApp for free on the Apple and Google Play stores today and start viewing nationwide topographic maps instantly. What is a Topographic Map? A topographic map is a detailed representation of an area that shows the three-dimensional shape of the Earth's surface. It uses contour lines (lines connecting points of equal elevation) to illustrate the height and steepness of the land (also known as "relief"). These maps also display natural features like rivers and lakes, as well as man-made structures such as roads and buildings. While a regular map might show a blue blob for a lake and a green patch for a forest, a topographic map gives you the vertical dimension. It tells you that the forest is actually on a steep 45-degree slope, or that the lake sits in a deep basin surrounded by cliffs. Topographic maps are created by gathering elevation data through aerial photography (photogrammetry) and land survey plans , which involve taking precise measurements of the land and its features. Stereoscopic instruments are then used to generate a 3D terrain model, where cartographers trace contour lines connecting points of equal elevation. The process is completed with detailed editing, scribing, and printing to produce the final map. Modern techniques also utilize satellite data, such as radar, for more precise and automated mapping. What are Topographic Maps Used For? Topographic maps are essential tools for a wide range of professionals and recreational users. Engineers, geologists, land planners, emergency responders, military personnel, and surveyors use them for detailed planning and analysis. Outdoor enthusiasts like hikers, campers, and hunters rely on them for navigation. Because these maps show both natural and man-made features, including elevation, they are invaluable for both professional projects and safely exploring the wilderness. Outdoor Recreation One of the main uses of topographic maps is for navigation and orientation purposes. Hikers, backpackers, and other outdoor enthusiasts rely on these maps to plan their routes and stay on track while exploring unfamiliar areas. The contour lines on a topo map can also give insight into the difficulty level of a particular terrain, helping individuals determine if it is suitable for their skill level. They are also crucial for finding water sources, identifying potential campsites, and avoiding dangerous cliffs or impassable terrain. Urban Planning and Construction In urban planning and construction, topographic maps are essential for analyzing terrain, slopes, and drainage. They enable developers to select optimal sites, place utilities and roads efficiently, and minimize earthwork costs. Topographic maps also guide foundation stability and ensure compliance with environmental regulations. By helping planners visualize how new infrastructure interacts with natural features, analyzing the topography of a property for development purposes can prevent costly surprises and ensure that projects integrate harmoniously with the landscape, saving both time and money. Environmental Science In environmental science, topographic maps are essential for analyzing terrain to plan conservation, assess risks, and manage resources. Scientists use these maps to evaluate landslide potential, define watershed boundaries for water quality, and determine habitat suitability for wildlife. Certain plants only grow at specific elevations or on slopes facing a particular direction (aspect). Topographic maps help researchers predict where these species might be found. They also help identify flood risks and erosion patterns. In forestry and sustainable agriculture , these maps provide critical data on slope and aspect. Furthermore, they help researchers reconstruct geological history and coordinate effective disaster responses. By revealing land shape and elevation, topographic maps enable informed decisions regarding land use and environmental impact. Emergency Services Topographic maps are vital tools for emergency services. By detailing terrain features like elevation and slope, along with water bodies, roads, and structures, these maps help teams navigate, plan responses, and assess risks. They allow responders to identify safe routes, locate potential hazards such as flood zones, and plan evacuations. This information is also crucial for strategically positioning resources like fire stations and shelters. In wildfire ris k management, for instance, understanding the land's slope is essential because fire spreads faster uphill. Similarly, search and rescue teams rely on topographic data to find missing persons and chart safe evacuation paths, leading to faster and more effective disaster management. Key Features of a Topographic Map Key features of a topographic map include contour lines representing elevation and landforms like hills, valleys, and ridges. Different colors indicate natural features (blue for water, green for vegetation) and man-made elements (black for roads and buildings, red for major roads and grids). Specific symbols denote details such as power lines, railroads, and boundaries. These elements work together to depict a 3D landscape on a 2D surface, supported by a scale, legend, and grid system. Contour lines:  These are the heart and soul of a topographic map. A contour line connects points of equal elevation. If you were to walk along a single contour line, you would never go up or down; you would stay at the exact same height above sea level. Colors: Topographic maps use specific colors to represent geographical features, like- Brown: Contour lines (elevation) Blue: Water features (lakes, rivers, swamps) Green: Vegetation (forests, orchards) Black: Man-made features (buildings, roads, trails) Red: Major highways or public land boundaries Scale: The scale tells you the relationship between distance on the map and distance on the ground. A common scale is 1:24,000, meaning one inch on the map equals 24,000 inches (or 2,000 feet) in the real world. How to Read Contour Lines on a Topographic Map Contour lines connect points of equal elevation to help you visualize the steepness of the terrain . Lines grouped closely together indicate steep slopes, while widely spaced lines represent gentle terrain. Numbered "index lines" show specific elevations, and the consistent vertical distance between each line- the contour interval- allows you to track changes in hills, valleys, and depressions. Steepness Rule:  The spacing between the lines tells you about the slope. Lines close together: The terrain is steep. Think cliffs or sharp mountain sides. Lines far apart: The terrain is gentle or flat. Think meadows or valley floors. Valleys and Ridges: Contours form a "V" shape pointing uphill (upstream). "V" Shape: When contour lines cross a stream or valley, they form a "V" shape. The point of the V always points upstream (uphill). This is a great way to determine which way water flows. "U" or "V" pointing away from high ground: This usually indicates a ridge or spur jutting out from a mountain. Peaks and Depressions:  A closed contour with small lines (tick marks) pointing inward indicates lower ground. Concentric Circles: A series of closed loops, one inside the other, indicates a hill or mountain peak. Hachure Marks: If you see a closed loop with little tick marks pointing inward, that indicates a depression or a crater, which is ground that is lower than the surrounding area. Index Contours: Not every line has a number written on it. Usually, every fifth line is an Index Contour. It is drawn in a thicker brown line and includes the elevation number. Elevation Points: To find the elevation of a point between index contours, you just need to count the lines and know the "contour interval" (the vertical distance between each line, usually listed in the map legend). Learning to read topographic maps takes practice. Next time you are outside, try to match the map to the landscape. Look for the steep slope on the map and verify it with your eyes. Find the "V" shape of a stream valley on paper and listen for the water in real life. Suddenly, those brown lines stop being abstract drawings. They become a 3D model in your mind, allowing you to see through the trees and understand the very bones of the landscape. How to Get a Topographic Map To get a topographic map, use the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) online tools like the   National Map Downloader  or   TopoView  for free digital downloads in formats like GeoPDF or GeoTIFF. You can also order printed copies from the   USGS Store . Additionally, local maps may be available through county offices, or you can hire surveyors for property-specific mapping needs. General digital options are available on online platforms, like Google Maps layers or LandApp. Understanding topography is one thing; having instant access to it is another. Whether you are managing a property, planning a development, or just scouting a new hiking route, you shouldn't have to fumble with giant paper maps or outdated government websites. With LandApp , you can access high-quality, nationwide topographic maps right from your pocket and check the slope and elevation for unlimited properties across the country. Ready to explore? Download LandApp for free on the Apple and Google Play stores today and start viewing nationwide topographic maps instantly.

The dream of trading the 9-to-5 grind for a self-sufficient life under the open sky has never been more popular. But as any seasoned homesteader will tell you, "off-grid" isn't just a mindset- it's a legal and geographical puzzle. From water rights to property taxes and solar potential, the state you choose can make the difference between a thriving homestead and a regulatory nightmare. If you're ready to make the leap, here are the top-rated states for off-grid living in 2026. What Makes a State Good for Off-Grid Living? Before we dive into the top states for off-grid living, let's establish the criteria for ideal off-grid land . Several key factors contribute to a state's suitability for a self-sufficient lifestyle. First and foremost is land availability and cost, because the foundation of any homestead is affordable, usable land. States with vast rural areas and lower population densities often have more acreage for sale at better prices, making land availability and cost a crucial factor. Zoning laws vary by state, and can be a big challenge. Ideal states have lenient zoning regulations, minimal building code enforcement in rural areas, and favorable laws regarding homeschooling, homesteading, and alternative energy systems. Access to a reliable water source is also non-negotiable. This could be from a well, a spring, a nearby river, or a robust rainwater collection system. States with ample rainfall and groundwater are prime candidates for off-grid living. Similar to water access is the ability to grow your own food, because this is central to self-sufficiency. A state's climate and the length of its growing season are huge advantages, as they determine the variety of crops you can cultivate. You should also consider the severity of winters and the energy needed for heating. Top 5 Best States for Off-Grid Living Based on the criteria above, some states stand out as havens for homesteading and off-grid living. Our top picks for the top 5 best states for off-grid living are Tennessee, Idaho, New Mexico, Texas, and Alaska. 1) Tennessee Tennessee consistently ranks as one of the best states for off-grid living. Its balance of legal freedom, abundant resources, and a mild climate makes it an attractive option. Land Availability & Cost: Land is still relatively affordable in Tennessee, especially in the eastern part of the state. Climate & Growing Season:  A generous 260-day (8 months) growing season allows for a massive variety of crops. During warmer seasons, crops like tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, squash, cucumber, watermelons, green beans, and corn thrive in Tennessee, while cooler seasons support crops like lettuce, kale, spinach, broccoli, cabbage, and carrots. Water:  Abundant annual rainfall and relaxed laws make water self-sufficiency a breeze. Tennessee follows the riparian water rights doctrine, so landowners with property on a natural water body (river, stream, lake) can use the water if it's "reasonable" and doesn't harm others or the public. Rainwater harvesting is legal and widely practiced. Financials:  Tennessee has no state income tax, which is a significant financial benefit. This means you can keep more of your hard-earned money to reinvest in your land. 2) Idaho The second best state for off-grid living in 2026 is Idaho. Idaho has surged in popularity for off-grid living, offering a "no-nonsense" approach to land ownership and some of the most beautiful mountain terrain in the country. If you're looking for rugged beauty and a strong sense of independence, Idaho might be the perfect fit. Land Availability & Cost: Idaho has a low population density and an abundance of land. Land costs vary significantly, with areas like Boise being more expensive, while remote rural spots offer lower-cost options. Climate & Growing Season: Idaho’s growing season typically spans from late spring (May) to early fall (September/October), providing roughly 120-145 frost-free days. While northern winters can be harsh, the southern regions offer a more moderate climate ideal for farming. Cool-season crops thrive with early planting, while warm-season vegetables like tomatoes and peppers are best started after the last frost, usually around Memorial Day. This window supports a robust summer harvest and a second round of cool-season planting in the fall. Water: Idaho is one of the most "pro-rainwater" states in the West. Idaho has no state-mandated limit on the size of your cistern or the amount you collect, provided the water is collected before it hits a "natural waterway." Legality:  Several northern counties, like Idaho County and Bonner County, are famous for having zero building codes in unincorporated areas- meaning if you can build it, you can live in it. Multi-use zoning laws make it easy to integrate livestock, small-scale farming, and home workshops without interference. 3) New Mexico The third best state for off-grid living is New Mexico. It is widely considered one of the least restrictive states for off-grid living and boasts low costs of living, favorable rainwater collection laws, and mild winters. Land Availability & Cost: New Mexico remains one of the most affordable places to buy land , with some of the lowest pasture and farm real estate values in the country. Climate & Growing Season:  New Mexico generally has mild, sunny winters. The state's growing season varies significantly across the state, with an average of 150 frost-free days. This can range from as few as 100-130 days in the high mountains to over 200 days in the southern valleys. Factors like elevation, microclimates, and irrigation influence the season, which traditionally runs from April to October. Financials:  New Mexico has a low cost of living, making it one of the cheaper states in the country. This is primarily due to housing, utilities, and transportation costs being significantly lower than the national average. However, some areas like Santa Fe and parts of Albuquerque are more expensive. Water:  New Mexico actively encourages rainwater collection, which is a major plus for off-grid living. Drilling water wells and using solar power to pump water is a viable option in many rural areas. Legality:  New Mexico is widely regarded as one of the best states for off-grid living because it balances regulatory flexibility with a culture that actively celebrates alternative lifestyles. Many rural counties have minimal to no zoning restrictions. 4) Texas The fourth best state for off-grid living is Texas. It offers a unique combination of "hands-off" governance and massive geographical diversity plus abundant land, favorable solar potential, minimal zoning in rural areas, and no state income tax. Land Availability & Cost: Texas is the second-largest state in the U.S., meaning there is a massive supply of rural land. With 254 counties, there are consistently tens of thousands of parcels on the market, ranging from 10-acre "starter" homesteads to 1,000+ acre legacy ranches. Land prices vary significantly by region, but land can be found for as little as $1,000 per acre in remote West Texas. Climate & Growing Season:  Most of Texas enjoys a massive growing season. In Central and South Texas, you are looking at 230 to 300 frost-free days. In the Rio Grande Valley, it’s possible to grow crops year-round. Additionally, the state is a solar and wind powerhouse- most areas receive enough peak sun hours to make a battery-backed solar array highly efficient, even in winter. Financials:  Texas is famous for being a low-tax state for landowners. There are no state income taxes, allowing you to funnel more of your remote work or retirement income directly into your off-grid infrastructure. Texas also has agricultural exemptions, meaning that f you use your land for a "qualified agricultural purpose" (like raising honeybees, livestock, or timber), your property taxes can be reduced by 70% to 90%. Water:  Water is a crucial resource in Texas, and the state has some of the most supportive water laws for off-grid living. Texas Property Code prevents HOAs from prohibiting rainwater harvesting, and equipment for rainwater systems is fully exempt from state sales tax. Additionally, Texas follows the "Rule of Capture," meaning that water pumped from beneath your land is generally yours, though some Groundwater Management Districts may impose specific local rules. Legality:  Texas has a strong property rights culture, meaning fewer neighbors or officials interfering with your land use. In unincorporated areas outside city limits, you often face no zoning restrictions, allowing for alternative structures like yurts, container homes, or bunkers. While most counties require a septic permit for health reasons, building codes are frequently non-existent in deep rural areas. 5) Alaska Another great state for off-grid living is Alaska. Alaska is the "Final Frontier" for off-grid living, but it is a state of extremes. It's not for the faint of heart, but for those seeking true wilderness and isolation, there is no better place. The opportunities for hunting, fishing, and foraging are unmatched. Land Availability & Cost: Alaska is unique because the state government is one of the largest land sellers. The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) holds annual land auctions, and parcels that remain unsold are available "Over-the-Counter" (OTC) to the public, including non-residents. Remote land can often be purchased for as little as $1,000 to $5,000 per acre. Keep in mind that although availability is high, accessibility is low. Many affordable plots are "fly-in only" or accessible only by snowmachine in winter and ATV in summer. Climate & Growing Season:  The climate in Alaska is your biggest adversary and your greatest asset. With a short growing season of less than 100 frost-free days, the "Midnight Sun" delivers over 20 hours of summer daylight. This intense light boosts the growth of cool-weather crops like cabbage, kale, potatoes, and carrots. Financials:  Alaska is one of the most tax-friendly states for off-grid living. It has no state-level income or sales tax, and also provides the Permanent Fund Dividend, an annual payment to residents that can help offset costs. However, it's important to keep in mind that shipping costs in Alaska are higher compared to other states. Water:  In Alaska, water is everywhere, but getting it into your tap could be a challenge. You generally do not need a permit for a private well using less than 500 gallons per day, and you have the right to use water from streams or lakes for "reasonable" domestic use. Legality:  Alaska is one of the most legally permissive states for off-grid structures. In the "Unorganized Borough," which covers a massive portion of the state, there are no building codes or inspections, leaving you entirely responsible for your home's structural integrity. Additionally, zoning is almost nonexistent outside major hubs like Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau. How to Find Off-Grid Properties for Sale Finding the perfect off-grid property is about more than just a beautiful view—it’s about matching your vision of self-sufficiency with the right legal and environmental landscape. Whether you’re searching for the rugged independence of an Alaskan frontier, the solar potential of the Texas desert, or a mountain escape in Idaho, success lies in doing your homework on water rights, zoning, and accessibility before you stake your claim. Ready to stop dreaming and start scouting? Your future homestead is just a few clicks away. Visit LandApp's Marketplace to browse thousands of off-grid properties for sale across the country, filtered by the features that matter most to you (acreage, location, price, and more). Prefer to search on the go? Download LandApp's free mobile app today on the Apple and Google Play stores to explore properties for sale near you, save your favorites, and get instant alerts when new off-grid land hits the market.

Whether you're buying a home, investing in real estate, or simply want to understand the risks facing your current property, knowing the flood risk is essential. Flooding causes billions of dollars in damage across the United States each year, and climate change is making flood risks harder to predict using historical data alone. The good news? Checking a property's flood risk is easy, and there's multiple ways to do it. Here's everything you need to know about assessing flood risk and protecting your property. What is Flood Risk? Flood risk refers to the likelihood of an area or property experiencing flooding over a certain period of time. It is determined by a combination of factors, including the property's elevation, proximity to bodies of water, weather patterns, and the area's drainage capabilities. Flood risk can also be influenced by human activities, such as urban development and deforestation, which may alter natural water flow. A flood zone is a defined geographic area with a specific flood hazard risk.  Why Checking Flood Risk Matters Climate patterns are shifting. Areas that were once considered safe from high water are now facing frequent flooding events. This means relying on outdated knowledge or a quick glance at the terrain isn't enough. Understanding flood risk isn't just about avoiding water damage. It affects: Insurance costs : Properties in high-risk flood zones often require expensive flood insurance Property values:  Homes with significant flood risk typically sell for less Safety:  Knowing your risk helps you prepare and protect your family Financing : Some lenders require flood insurance before approving mortgages in certain areas Even if a property has never flooded before, that doesn't mean it won't in the future. Past performance isn't always indicative of future risk, especially as weather patterns shift and development changes drainage patterns in your area. How to Check a Property's Flood Risk Understanding a property's flood risk is a crucial step in making informed real estate decisions. Whether you're a prospective buyer, a homeowner, or an investor, knowing the potential hazards can help you assess costs, plan for insurance, and ensure safety. The main ways to check a property's flood risk are to use FEMA's Flood Map Service, use proprietary flood risk assessments, check online flood zone maps, and consult with local government offices. 1) FEMA's Flood Map Service One way to check a property's flood risk is to use the official FEMA flood map service center . By entering an address, you can see if the property sits officially within a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). If it does, and you are buying with a federally backed mortgage, flood insurance will likely be mandatory. FEMA provides Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) that divide areas into different flood zones designations based on risk levels using historical data, topography, and hydrological studies. The most common zones you'll encounter include: High-Risk Zones (Special Flood Hazard Areas) Zone A, AE, AH, AO: Areas with a 1% annual chance of flooding (often called the "100-year floodplain") Zone V, VE: Coastal areas with additional wave action hazards Moderate to Low Risk Zones Zone B or X (shaded): Areas between the 100-year and 500-year floodplains Zone C or X (unshaded): Areas with minimal flood risk Undetermined Risk Zones Zone D: Areas where flood risk hasn't been determined Remember, "moderate risk" doesn't mean "no risk," so it’s important to check multiple data points. These government maps aren't perfect, and can be slow to update, meaning that they might not reflect recent construction projects that altered drainage or recent climate data. When using FEMA's flood zone maps, be sure to look beyond the specific lot. If the access roads to the property are in a flood zone, you could be trapped in your home during a storm, even if your house stays dry. 2) Proprietary Flood Risk Assessments Another way to check a property's flood risk is to use proprietary flood risk assessment tools. Modern flood risk assessments use advanced modeling that considers multiple factors including elevation, proximity to water bodies, soil type, drainage patterns, and climate projections. An example of a tool that provides flood risk assessments for specific properties is LandApp . LandApp provides a comprehensive flood risk score on a scale of 0 to 100 for properties across the U.S., giving you a clear, easy-to-understand assessment of any property's flood vulnerability. If your property scores above a 60, it is more likely to experience a flood event compared to similar properties in the area. Unlike binary flood zone classifications that simply tell you whether you're "in" or "out" of a flood zone, a numerical risk score helps you understand the degree of risk you're facing. To see your property's (or a property you're interested in purchasing) flood risk score , simply find the parcel on LandApp's map to create a free Property Report. Then, navigate to the Risk Indexes tab or export a PDF Property Report to see the flood risk index score: 3) Online Floodplain Maps and Applications The third way to check your property's flood risk and see if you're located in a flood zone is to use digital mapping tools that show flood zone maps. Many municipalities across the U.S. provide free online floodplain maps. One example is the City of Denver's Floodplain Map , which allows users to zoom in and out on the map to see flood zones across the city. Users can also provide an address to see if their property is located within a flood zone. LandApp's free mobile app also provides a nationwide flood zone map within its Environmental data layer . You can zoom in on the map to see where flood zones are across the U.S., or provide your address to see if your property is located within a flood zone. Elevation also plays a role in determining a property’s flood risk- you can also apply the Topo data layer on LandApp to see a property’s elevation. 4) Consult With Local Government Offices Most counties and municipalities have a designated floodplain manager who can provide in-depth information about local flood risks, drainage concerns, and historical flooding events that might not be reflected on official flood maps. This type of local expertise is invaluable, as it often includes insights into smaller, less-documented incidents of flooding or recurring drainage issues specific to certain areas. It’s also a good idea to explore whether the property or the surrounding neighborhood has experienced flooding in the past, even if it’s not officially classified as a high-risk zone. To gather this information, consider reaching out to your local government offices, speaking with real estate agents familiar with the area, or even asking neighbors who may have firsthand knowledge of past events. These sources can offer valuable context and help you make an informed decision about the property. FAQ's About Property Flood Risks Understanding property flood risks can be a crucial part of making an informed decision when buying or maintaining a home. Below, we’ve compiled a list of frequently asked questions to address common concerns and provide clarity about flood risks, how they are assessed, and what property owners can do to mitigate potential issues. Is it Okay to Buy a House in a Flood Zone? Whether buying a house in a flood zone is a good idea depends on your risk tolerance, willingness to perform due diligence, and whether the property meets your other needs. Many people live in flood zones, and with the right builder, surveyor, and insurance, it can still be a safe investment. If you do buy a house that's located within a flood zone, you'll need to purchase flood insurance (standard homeowners insurance does not cover floods) and take proactive actions to protect the property, like improving drainage and installing flood vents. Should I Check for Flood Zones Before Buying a Property? Yes, you should absolutely check to see if a property is located within a flood zone before buying, as this can lead to costly surprises if a flood occurs. There are many environmental risks in real estate , and flood potential is one of the most important risks for buyers to consider. You can use FEMA's flood zone map or LandApp to see if the property that you're interested in purchasing is located within a flood zone, and you can also act the seller direct questions about historical flood activity on the property. Check the property’s CLUE report (Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange) if possible, which lists insurance claims filed on the property in the last seven years. You can also hire a licensed land surveyor or a title company to verify the property’s flood zone status. Confirming this information is essential before finalizing any purchase. Are there Any Benefits of Buying Property Located Within a Flood Zone? There are some potential benefits to buying land or a home located within a flood zone. These advantages include lower initial land costs and more privacy due to less competition for the less desirable land. Properties in these areas often come with beautiful views near rivers, lakes, or creeks, and you can typically get more acreage for your budget. It's also possible to build safely with the right elevation and permits. If you’re working with a builder who understands how to navigate flood zone requirements, you can often build a safe and affordable home while getting more land for your money. Do Flood Zones Affect Property Values? Homes situated in high-risk flood zones often face lower property values . This decrease in market value typically stems from the potential for significant structural damage during weather events, as well as the high ongoing insurance premiums required to protect the property. These additional costs and risks can make such homes less attractive to buyers, often resulting in a lower selling price compared to similar properties in drier areas. Take Action: Assess Your Flood Risk Today Due diligence is essential for real estate investors and homeowners. While flood risks are real, they are manageable with the right information. By consulting official maps and using digital mapping tools , you can assess risks with confidence. Don't wait for the next storm to understand your vulnerability. Preparation saves you thousands of dollars and avoids major headaches- because when it comes to flooding, knowledge is power. Get your free property report from LandApp today and see exactly how your property scores on our comprehensive 0-100 flood risk scale. You'll get detailed insights that go beyond basic flood zone classifications to give you a complete picture of your flood vulnerability. Download LandApp for free to get your free property report and access flood zone maps nationwide, right from your phone or tablet. Whether you're researching a single property or comparing multiple locations, LandApp puts powerful flood risk data at your fingertips.