Underground storage tanks (USTs) are commonly used to store hazardous substances such as petroleum, chemicals, and waste materials. These tanks, often hidden from view, pose significant environmental and health risks when they leak or become damaged over time. Contaminants from USTs can seep into the soil and groundwater, leading to potentially devastating effects on ecosystems, human health, and property values. The understanding of these hidden hazards is crucial for property owners and real estate professionals alike. This resource explores the complexities of UST contamination, examining its causes, consequences, and impacts on real estate. What are Underground Storage Tanks? According to the   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , underground storage tanks (UST's) are containers, including any connected underground piping, with at least 10 percent of their total volume located below the surface. Underground storage tanks are typically used to store petroleum products, chemicals, and other hazardous materials. In 1984, Congress instructed the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop regulations for underground storage tanks.  When the UST program was launched, there were around 2.1 million regulated UST systems in the United States. Today, that number has significantly decreased as numerous substandard UST systems have been shut down. Underground storage tanks are found on many residential and industrial properties, as well as on gas stations. Underground storage tanks (USTs) are commonly used at industrial sites to store chemicals, hazardous materials, or wastewater. These tanks are found in manufacturing plants, refineries, and warehouses. USTs are also a staple at gas stations, where they serve as reservoirs for fuel dispensed into vehicles. In residential settings, USTs are primarily used for storing heating oil for individual homes. Risks of Underground Storage Tanks The main problem with underground storage tanks is the potential for leakage. If the products stored in underground storage tanks leak into the ground, they can cause   property contamination  in the soil and water resources. Leaking underground storage tanks (USTs) can emit dangerous vapors into the air, endangering the health of nearby residents. Due to these risks, state and federal governments have implemented stringent regulations on the construction, operation, and maintenance of UST systems. Until the mid-1980s, most underground storage tanks (USTs) were constructed from bare steel, a material prone to corrosion over time, potentially leading to environmental leaks. Additionally, improper installation and poor maintenance practices can also result in USTs leaking their contents into the environment. 1) Groundwater Contamination Groundwater contamination is one of the most alarming risks associated with underground storage tanks. When a tank leaks, hazardous substances such as petroleum and chemicals can seep into the soil and eventually migrate to the groundwater. Groundwater is a crucial resource, serving as a major source of drinking water for many communities, as well as supporting irrigation and industrial operations. Contaminants in groundwater can lead to health concerns, including various cancers and reproductive issues, as well as ecological damage. The contamination may go unnoticed for an extended period due to its concealed nature, making it hard to detect and mitigate swiftly. Once groundwater is polluted, it is often an arduous and costly process to clean it, which makes prevention through proper tank maintenance and monitoring essential. 2) Environmental Concerns Environmental concerns stemming from underground storage tanks (USTs) extend beyond groundwater contamination and encapsulate broader impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity. When toxic substances such as petroleum or chemicals escape from faulty tanks, they may infiltrate nearby soil and water bodies, causing a cascade of ecological harm. These pollutants can disrupt plant and animal life, altering food chains and leading to diminished biodiversity. Aquatic life is particularly vulnerable, as chemicals can accumulate in water bodies, affecting fish and plant populations and leading to dead zones devoid of life. 3) Explosions Explosions are a significant and dangerous risk associated with underground storage tanks, particularly those storing flammable substances such as gasoline and other petroleum products. When these tanks leak, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be released into the surrounding soil and air, creating an explosive mixture if they concentrate in confined spaces. An ignition source, such as a nearby electrical spark or static discharge, can trigger an explosion, posing grave risks to nearby infrastructure and human safety. The intensity of such explosions can lead to substantial structural damage, endanger lives, and require costly emergency responses and cleanup efforts. Therefore, it is crucial for UST owners and operators to adhere to strict safety protocols, including regular leak detection and pressure testing, to prevent hazardous situations that could culminate in catastrophic explosions. Comprehensive monitoring and robust containment strategies are vital to minimize explosion risks and protect public safety. 4) Soil Contamination The leaching of hazardous substances into the soil can reduce its fertility, adversely impacting agriculture and natural vegetation. Microbial life in the soil, essential for nutrient cycling and healthy soils, is also at risk, which might obstruct plant growth and soil regeneration.  In the case of soil contamination, remediation efforts may be complicated and costly, and some areas might become unsuitable for growing crops or supporting plant life.   Soil contamination  can also pose substantial health hazards to humans through direct contact or ingestion of contaminated produce. The Impact of Underground Storage Tanks on Real Estate Transactions Environmental due diligence  is essential in real estate transactions, ensuring that both buyers and sellers identify any contamination that could significantly affect a property's value or disrupt redevelopment and financing plans. One key issue to investigate is contamination from underground storage tanks on the property. If a property currently has or once had such tanks,   soil contamination  could exist, posing risks not only to the property in question but also to surrounding properties. The effect of underground storage tanks (USTs) on property value depends on their condition, regulatory compliance, environmental risk, and how they are perceived in the market. Properly managed USTs may enhance property value, while those with problems or liabilities can substantially diminish it. Removing and disposing of old tanks is complex, often deterring property buyers. Many realtors suggest removing or abandoning them before selling. When an underground storage tank (UST) is abandoned, it's usually filled with cement slurry. This is allowed only if removal would threaten structural integrity, such as when a tank is under a building or retaining wall. Abandonment is regulated by City, County, and State Environmental Agencies, and the tank owner must contact the right agency for requirements and permits. There are various reasons to take a UST out of service, like leaks, business closures, or age. Sometimes, USTs are no longer needed. Removing a single tank in good condition, without leaks, usually costs between $15,000 and $20,000. If leaks are present, cleanup costs can rise significantly, starting at $10,000 for minor soil contamination and exceeding $1 million if groundwater is affected. On average, cleanup can cost up to $130,000. For residential and industrial properties with underground storage tanks, unless the seller explicitly retains ownership of underground storage tanks (USTs), any USTs remaining in the ground at the time of the sale are considered part of the property and are included in the transfer. Once the property is acquired with USTs in place, the buyer is responsible for ensuring these tanks comply with relevant local and federal regulations. If the UST system is intended for use, its components must generally meet applicable local and/or state standards. A typical Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) is conducted to protect a new property buyer from existing contamination at the time of purchase. Essentially, it documents the property's condition at the point of sale. The   Phase I Report  assesses whether past activities on the property might have released contaminants into the environment, such as soil, groundwater, or soil vapor. These potential issues are known as recognized environmental conditions (RECs). If contamination is discovered, the new owner can confidently assert that they did not cause it, as their usage of the property does not coincide with its previous uses. LandApp's property reports can be used as a preliminary Phase 1 Report. With   LandApp , you can create unlimited property reports for properties nationwide. The property reports provide proprietary   risk index scores  for various natural and man-made contamination risks, allowing you to conduct due diligence at a glance: Coming Soon: LandApp will provide the location of underground storage tanks across the United States, allowing you to easily assess any property's proximity to underground storage tanks. Sign up to get notified about the launch of underground storage tank data within our new mobile application:

Soil contamination is a significant environmental concern frequently highlighted in real estate transactions. When buying or selling property, it is one of the most critical yet often overlooked factors. Soil contamination not only poses a threat to health and the environment, but can also significantly impact property values and marketability. It can stem from the activities of current or former property owners, or even natural causes, and may originate either on-site or from external sources. With increasing awareness of environmental issues, prospective buyers are becoming more cautious and demand thorough inspections. Understanding the implications of soil contamination and the legal responsibilities involved is essential for anyone involved in real estate. This resource sheds light on the various aspects of soil contamination and provides guidance for navigating real estate transactions with contaminated land. What is Soil Contamination? Soil is deemed contaminated when it harbors elements or chemicals at concentrations that may pose a risk to human health. Soil contamination occurs when hazardous substances, typically from industrial activities, agricultural practices, improper waste disposal, or underground storage tanks accumulates in the soil at concentrations dangerous to human health or the environment. Numerous contaminants can significantly contribute to soil contamination, either partially or entirely. The most common soil contaminants include heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum carbons, and other toxic chemicals. These substances can linger in the soil for years, continuously threatening both ecosystems and human health. If not addressed, soil contamination can degrade the land, diminishing its fertility and usability. How Does Soil Contamination Affect Real Estate? Soil contamination in real estate poses significant challenges, potentially lowering property values and complicating sales and purchases. Cleanup and remediation are often costly and time-consuming, adding layers of complexity to transactions. For developers, investors, and property owners, a thorough understanding of the nature and extent of soil contamination is a crucial part of the   environmental due diligence  process. Overlooking issues such as soil contamination can result in significant and unexpected liabilities for new owners. 1) Decreased Property Values Soil contamination can significantly decrease property values, largely due to the heightened risks and costs associated with remediation. The impact of contamination on property sale prices can continue long after cleanup efforts are completed. Prospective buyers may view contaminated sites as unattractive investments, given the potential for legal and financial burdens tied to environmental liability. Moreover, the presence of contaminants can limit the development potential or restrict the types of permissible land use, further diminishing the property's market appeal. Property appraisers may also devalue affected sites, taking into account the anticipated expenses of remediation and potential health and safety risks. Consequently, some property owners might have to sell at prices well below the property's market value to compensate for these issues, reflecting the contaminative burden. In essence, soil contamination can stigmatize a property, creating a ripple effect that impacts its profitability and desirability in the real estate market. 2) Additional Costs & Delays for Property Development Soil contamination can significantly delay and increase the costs of real estate development projects. It may also hinder the start of investments and construction efforts. This delay can result in lost revenue and increased expenses, especially when developers are unable to secure financing for their projects. 3) Legal Risks & Liabilities Soil contamination poses significant legal risks and liabilities for real estate transactions. Both federal and state laws regulate the treatment of contaminated sites, imposing strict liability on current and previous owners. Thus, new property owners may become liable for cleanup costs or other damages associated with soil contamination they were not responsible for causing. Both current and previous owners of a contaminated site are held accountable for its pollution. The costs of remediation are allocated based on each party's culpability and the extent of contamination during their period of ownership. How to Assess Potential Soil Contamination The first step to determine if soil contamination exists is to get a formal   Phase 1 Report . A Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) is a comprehensive evaluation aimed at identifying potential environmental contamination on a property. Commonly performed during the due diligence phase of a real estate transaction, this report seeks to uncover any environmental risks that might be associated with the property. If the report indicates potential soil contamination, the next step is to have the soil sampled and tested by a certified laboratory. A qualified local soils engineer or professional should be engaged to perform the sampling. Real estate developers, investors, and property owners can use LandGate's LandApp tool to   find out if a property could be contaminated  as a preliminary Phase 1 Report. Within the Property Reports tool, LandApp provides risk index scores that assess a specific property's risk for different types of contamination along with detailed information about the nearest contaminated site and its remediation status. Environmental challenges and soil contamination can arise in various real estate transactions and development projects, from new developments on untouched lands to the sale of residential, small business, and large commercial or industrial properties. While these risks can often be managed with the right strategies, the key lies in identifying potential environmental concerns early—before purchase or development begins. Proper management of contaminated soil is crucial both before and during construction, as well as in the remediation of sites with existing contamination. Real estate developers must implement effective and practical methods to address and eliminate soil contamination issues, thereby preventing future litigation and costly setbacks in their projects.  Opportunities for Contaminated Properties Despite the risks of redeveloping contaminated sites, there are also many opportunities and potential advantages. Many of these sites have the potential for cost savings and maximum return on investment. These properties often have valuable infrastructure already in place, such as roads, utilities, and buildings. This can save developers time and money compared to starting from scratch on undeveloped property. Redeveloping contaminated sites offers a chance to rejuvenate underutilized or abandoned areas. This approach supports sustainable development by repurposing existing infrastructure and curbing urban sprawl. Many communities are eager to revitalize contaminated sites, such as   Brownfields , to attract businesses and generate jobs, thus easing the process for developers to secure planning permission. Properties that may be contaminated can also be leased for renewable energy projects. For example, many   landfills  across the country are actively being redeveloped into solar farms. Property owners that lease these underutilized properties for renewable energy can generate revenue through lease payments and breathe new life into these lands. LandGate helps   government  and private property owners lease their properties for clean energy development through our online marketplace. Listing properties for lease on LandGate's marketplace is completely free, with no obligations to accept any offers. Get started today:

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) have emerged as a compelling opportunity for individuals seeking to invest in real estate without the burdens of direct ownership. Whether you're a seasoned investor or new to the concept, understanding REITs can unlock valuable insights into how you can potentially gain passive income and diversify your portfolio. But what exactly are REITs, and how do they function? This resource delves into the fundamental workings of REITs, offering a comprehensive guide to this innovative investment vehicle. Discover how you can take advantage of the real estate market's potential returns with the flexibility and convenience of REITs. If you're interested in investing in individual properties, check out LandGate's marketplace to find real estate and land for sale nationwide. Each listing is embedded with value index scores, risk index scores, and proprietary property data, allowing you to evaluate potential properties at a glance: What is a REIT and How Does it Work? A Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) is a company that owns, operates, or finances income-producing real estate across a range of property sectors. Modeled after mutual funds, REITs provide all investors the chance to own valuable real estate, present the opportunity to access dividend-based income and total returns, and help communities grow, thrive, and revitalize. REITs work by pooling capital from numerous investors to purchase and manage a portfolio of real estate properties. They generate income mainly through rental payments from tenants of these properties. By law, REITs must distribute at least 90% of their taxable income to shareholders in the form of dividends, making them an attractive investment vehicle for those seeking a steady income stream. REITs invest in a wide variety of properties, including apartment complexes,   data centers , healthcare facilities, hotels, infrastructure like   fiber optics , cell towers, and energy pipelines, as well as office buildings, retail centers, self-storage units, timberland, and warehouses. While REITs often specialize in particular real estate sectors, such as commercial properties, many maintain diversified portfolios encompassing different types of properties. Types of REITs Although REITs are categorized by the different types of properties that they invest in, the three main types of REITs are Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs, and Hybrid REITs. 1) Equity REITs Most Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) function as equity REITs, offering investors access to a diverse array of income-generating assets that would typically be beyond their individual financial reach. These companies own properties across various   commercial real estate  sectors, such as office buildings, shopping centers, and apartment complexes, which they lease to tenants. Revenue is primarily generated through rent rather than property sales. They distribute the majority of their earnings to shareholders as dividends. 2) Mortgage REITs Mortgage REITs finance income-generating real estate by acquiring or originating mortgages and mortgage-backed securities, earning income through the interest on these investments. Their earnings mainly come from the net interest margin, which is the difference between the interest earned on mortgage loans and the cost of funding those loans. This model makes them vulnerable to interest rate increases. Likewise, equity REITs are significantly impacted by rate changes. 3) Hybrid REITs Hybrid REITs are distinctive entities within the world of real estate investment trusts. True to their name, these REITs blend the investment approaches of both equity and mortgage REITs by allocating funds into both real estate properties and mortgage loans. How to Invest in REITs You can invest in a publicly traded REIT, which is listed on a major stock exchange, by purchasing shares through a broker. For beginners, publicly traded REITs are the easiest way to get started with investing in REITs. You can also purchase shares of a non-traded REIT through a broker that participates in the non-traded REIT’s offering, but these are only open to accredited investors and have minimum investment amounts that generally start in the low thousands. Additionally, you can also purchase shares in a REIT mutual fund or REIT exchange-traded fund. Frequently Asked Questions about REITs REITs can seem complex at first, but they are a powerful tool for diversifying your investment portfolio and accessing income-producing real estate. As more investors consider REITs, a few common questions often arise about their structure, benefits, and potential risks. In the below section, we'll address some of the most frequently asked questions to help you better understand how REITs work and how they might fit into your investment strategy. What are the Largest REITs? The largest REITs in the United States include the American Tower Corporation, Prologis, Crown Castle International, Simon Property Group and Weyerhaeuser. Additional examples of REITs include Vici Properties, Camden Property Trust, and W.P. Carey. Is a REIT a Good Investment? REITs are generally considered good investments. REITs offer portfolio diversification, the potential for steady income through dividends, and exposure to a variety of properties. They can act as a hedge against inflation and have historically provided competitive long-term returns. Additionally, REITs make real estate investment accessible by transforming what was once exclusive to the wealthiest individuals— property ownership— into shares that trade like other assets on U.S. stock markets and among private investors. This not only reduces the capital required to invest in real estate but also eliminates the effort and time involved in property management. What are the Pros and Cons of Investing in REITs? Investing in a REIT offers several benefits. Diversification allows individuals to gain exposure to various real estate sectors and geographic locations, reducing the risk of investing in a single property. Liquidity is another advantage, as REITs are traded on major stock exchanges, making it easier to buy and sell shares compared to direct real estate or   land investments . This provides flexibility in managing portfolios. Moreover, REITs are known for their potential to generate income, as they are required by law to distribute at least 90% of their taxable income to shareholders annually in the form of dividends, ensuring a steady income stream. Professional management is an added benefit, as an experienced team can handle the complexities of property management and investment decisions, which is ideal for those lacking the time or expertise. Finally, REITs offer accessibility to the real estate market with relatively low entry costs, allowing a broader range of investors to participate in real estate investing. REITs have limitations and potential drawbacks that investors should consider. One limitation is their growth potential, as they must distribute at least 90% of taxable income to shareholders. This provides steady income but leaves less capital for reinvestment, possibly slowing appreciation compared to investments that reinvest profits. REITs are also sensitive to interest rate changes; rising rates increase borrowing costs and can make dividend-paying investments like REITs less attractive. REITs are subject to market and economic risks; downturns can decrease property values and rental income. Certain real estate sectors, like retail or office spaces, may face unique challenges impacting REIT performance. Tax implications are also a consideration, as REIT dividends are taxed as ordinary income, potentially resulting in a higher burden than qualified dividends. Finally, REITs may face legal and ethical challenges, including tenant lawsuits over lease disputes or property conditions, leading to costly litigation. Other Methods to Invest in Property Beyond investing in REITs, there are several other methods to   invest in property  that can offer unique benefits and opportunities.  One popular option is real estate crowdfunding, which enables individuals to invest in property projects through online platforms, pooling funds with other investors. This approach allows for diversification and investment in larger projects without the need for significant capital. Additionally, real estate limited partnerships (RELPs) offer a way to invest alongside professional developers and operators, sharing in both the profits and risks of large-scale property developments. For those seeking higher liquidity and lower involvement, real estate mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) provide indirect property investment through securities that hold portfolios of companies involved in real estate activities. Finally, investors might consider hard money lending, where they provide short-term loans to real estate investors, earning interest as their return. Each of these methods has its own set of advantages and challenges, so investors should carefully assess their financial goals and risk tolerance when choosing a property investment strategy. One common approach is direct property ownership, where investors purchase residential, commercial, or industrial real estate.   Investing in properties  directly allows for full control over the property, potential rental income, and real estate appreciation. Although this method can require large amounts of capital and lots of due diligence, this common method is being leveraged by some of the nations largest investors. In fact, some of the richest people in the U.S. are also some of the   largest landowners in the U.S . If you're interested in investing in real estate, check out LandGate's marketplace to find properties for sale nationwide. Each listing is embedded with value index scores, risk index scores , and proprietary property data, allowing you to conduct due diligence at a glance:

It is commonplace these days to see solar panels painting the rural landscape by occupying farm and ranch land. Solar power generated by solar farms may have recently spiked in popularity, but solar farms have been around for a while. Can you guess just how long? If you guess the early 80’s, you’re spot on! The first & oldest solar farm sprouted in 1983, and the solar landscape has shifted substantially since the farm’s inception. Check out the history of this historical farm and the data from LandGate’s website painting a picture of what is now one of the largest solar farms in the country. Interested in leasing land for a solar farm ? Get a free property report here to learn about your potential lease payments. Interested in nationwide solar infrastructure data, software, and a map-based CRM? Book a demo with us, or you can learn more here ! Key Takeaways: The first industrial-scale photovoltaic solar power plant in the U.S. was built on the Carrizo Plain in San Luis Obispo County, CA, in 1983. Originally constructed by ARCO, the plant operated until 1994 and was later dismantled due to a design flaw. The site was redeveloped into the Topaz Solar Farm, which began operating in 2014 and produces 550 megawatts, enough to power about 180,000 homes. Solar farms in the 1980s lacked the government incentives available today, such as the Investment Tax Credit (ITC), which significantly reduces construction costs. The number of solar farms has increased dramatically since 2011, driven by federal and state incentives, reduced costs, and improved technology. The solar industry is expected to continue growing, with solar energy accounting for a significant portion of new US electricity generation capacity. The Oldest Solar Farm in the U.S. The first industrial-scale photovoltaic solar power plant in the nation was constructed on the Carrizo Plain in San Luis Obispo County, CA. Operating from 1983 to 1994, the plant was originally constructed by the Atlantic Richfield Oil Company (ARCO).1 After the energy crisis of the late 1970s, ARCO became a solar energy pioneer. The Carrizo Solar Corporation, based in Albuquerque, NM, purchased the solar plant from ARCO in 1990. The corporation dismantled the solar plant due to a design flaw in its panels that allegedly caused it to lose output. Two decades later, the site was developed into the largest solar power plant in the US during the “solar boom” that started with government incentives and mandates in 2011. It is now known as Topaz Solar Farm. Topaz Solar Farm The Topaz Solar Farm, a 550-megawatt photovoltaic power plant in California, remains a significant player in the solar energy sector and is the largest solar farm in the country. As of July 2024, it continues to operate effectively, contributing to renewable energy production. Warren Buffett's MidAmerican Energy Holdings Co. is planning additional solar bonds to further finance the Topaz Solar Farm, highlighting ongoing investment and development in the project. Construction on Topaz Solar Farm, owned by BHE Renewable and developed by First Solar, started in 2011 and the plant began operating in November 2014. Operating at full capacity, the 550-megawatt plant produces enough electricity to power about 180,000 homes.2 The project spans 3,385.09 acres at 0.209 MW per acre and Pacific Gas and Electric buys the electricity from the solar farm under a 25-year power purchase agreement. You can see all this data and more on LandGate’s platform . Solar Farms Then vs. Now Solar farms built in the ’80s did not enjoy all of the government incentives in place today that encourage the adoption of solar energy. Federal policies such as the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) play a massive role in how many solar energy projects are built every year. The ITC reduces the overall costs related to the construction and development of newly built solar farms by up to 30% during the program’s early days. In 2021 the ITC is offering developers a 26% discount on their federal taxes. During the eleven years from 2006 to 2017, the number of solar farms built per year has accelerated from less than 10 projects per year to peaking at over 300 solar projects being installed in 2017. The ITC was first enacted in 2006 and was a major milestone for the solar industry. This increase in solar farms is not due to federal incentives alone, as one of the largest factors playing into the economics of a solar farm’s cash flow and the rental rate that can be offered for a solar lease (solar lease value) is the state and local incentives to renewable energy projects. These incentives come in the form of Renewable Energy Credits (REC), Performance-based incentives (PBI) or Feed-In Tariff (FIT). The capital and operating costs have also decreased by 50% since 2014, making the economics of solar energy production even more attractive to developers and investors. The total number of installed solar farms has increased dramatically since 2011, accelerating to a peak in total capacity installed per year in 2016. Solar Growth Will Continue The solar industry will continue to grow due to new financing options, increased efficiency, progressive policies, and more values-driven energy choices. The US Energy Information (EIA) projects renewable energy’s share of US electricity generation will grow from 20% in 2020 to 22% in 2021 with solar accounting for 39% of all new US electricity generation capacity in 2021, surpassing wind for the first time. Companies that can’t adapt will be left behind. For data like this at your fingertips, LandGate offers next-gen solar data solutions . Along with solar farm locations and data, access hotspot mapping based on value, solar comp data, in-depth infrastructure data, and databases of landowners in the hottest areas. We are helping energy investors gain a competitive edge by evaluating smarter, buying faster, and lowering their costs. http://clui.org/ludb/site/original-carrizo-solar-power-plant-site https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/85403/topaz-solar-farm-california

For real estate investors, opportunities often lie where others might not look. One such opportunity is pursuing For Sale by Owner  (FSBO) land deals, where properties are sold directly by owners without involving traditional real estate agents. These deals can unlock tremendous value—but navigating them successfully requires insight, strategy, and, above all, preparation. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about FSBO land deals, from assessing the pros and cons to negotiating and closing your first deal. Whether you're a seasoned real estate pro or just starting your FSBO land investing journey, this post will equip you with the tools to make smart, calculated investments. What Are For Sale by Owner (FSBO) Land Deals? FSBO land deals are transactions where a landowner sells their property directly to a buyer, without enlisting the services of a real estate agent. These deals appeal to sellers seeking to save on commissions and to buyers attracted by lower prices and the potential for direct negotiation with the owner. However, the lack of an intermediary puts more responsibility on both buyers and sellers. From understanding the zoning and title information to navigating legal paperwork, success in FSBO transactions depends on your ability to perform thorough research and due diligence. LandGate is a large online marketplace for land and property listings that are for sale by owner. Our platform is unique for these listings since we provide property due diligence tools within the listings. As a free user of our platform, you can very the potential value that the property listing has for many different types of resource opportunities. If you subscribe to our LandApp tool , you will be able to view the potential risks associated with the property listing  for things like contamination, natural disasters, and more! The Pros and Cons of Investing in FSBO Land Before jumping into FSBO land deals, it’s crucial to weigh the benefits and challenges they present. Pros of FSBO Land Investing Lower Purchase Prices  – Without a realtor’s commission inflating costs, FSBO properties can often be more affordable, offering better investment opportunities. Direct Negotiation  – Working directly with the seller allows buyers to establish a personal rapport and leverage the opportunity to negotiate favorable terms. More Transparency  – Eliminating middlemen can foster clearer communication, giving buyers direct access to the seller's insights and knowledge about the property. Unique Opportunities  – FSBO deals are often under the radar, meaning less competition from other investors. Cons of FSBO Land Investing Additional Due Diligence  – Without an agent's expertise, buyers must take on the responsibility of researching zoning, title issues, property conditions, and potential risks. Legal Complexities  – The lack of professional guidance can make navigating contracts and closing paperwork more challenging. Limited Marketing  – Sellers without agent support may not actively showcase the land's best features, requiring buyers to assess value on their own. Understanding these pros and cons is critical to forming a balanced approach to FSBO land deals. The next step is learning how to find these opportunities and navigate the process effectively. Secrets to Finding and Navigating FSBO Land Deals Finding FSBO properties requires proactive strategies. Websites like Zillow, LandGate, and Facebook Marketplace often list FSBO properties, so it's important to be specific in your searches and regularly check for updates in your target areas.  Another traditional approach is simply driving around neighborhoods to spot “For Sale By Owner” signs, which may reveal properties not listed online. This can be difficult if you are looking to purchase a property in a different state than the one you reside in. Networking with local communities, such as homeowners’ associations, local forums, or community groups, can also uncover properties that haven’t been advertised yet. Reviewing public records for recent filings about land ownership changes can help identify potential FSBO properties before they reach the market. Once you've found a potential deal, conducting due diligence is crucial to evaluate whether the property is worth pursuing. LandGate is the only online marketplace that provides value insights for property listings to help make an educated decision for property buyers and investors. Marketplaces like Zillow can share valuable information like nearby school ratings, crime rates, and walkability. For a full sweep of property due diligence, interested buyers and investors should be researching all listings for their associated values and risks. How to Evaluate the Potential of FSBO Land Assessing FSBO land requires a meticulous review process. Here's how you ensure you’re making an informed decision: 1. Conduct Property Due Diligence Research Zoning Restrictions:  Verify what types of projects are allowed on the property (e.g., residential , commercial , agricultural). Tools like LandApp can help identify zoning information quickly. Evaluate Environmental Risks:  Check for contamination and natural disaster risks. Understanding hazards like flooding or earthquakes can save you from future losses. Assess Surrounding Market:  Compare recent land sales in the area to understand the property’s market value. 2. Order a Title Search Uncover any liens or boundary disputes associated with the land by conducting a title search. This ensures a smooth transfer of ownership. 3. Analyze Potential Value Calculate the return on investment (ROI) for the property based on your intended use. Consider proximity to amenities, access to utilities, and future development opportunities to estimate its true potential value. Thorough evaluations prevent common errors and set you up for confident negotiations with FSBO sellers. Negotiating and Closing the Deal with FSBO Sellers Negotiating directly with FSBO sellers can be both exciting and challenging. To succeed, start by building rapport; establishing trust with sellers makes them more open to your offer. Show genuine interest in the property and respect their reasons for selling. Always make fair offers based on solid research, considering the property's potential value and the financial implications of developing it. Leverage contingencies in your agreement, like resolving zoning issues or obtaining financing approval, to provide extra security as you proceed. It's also wise to use a real estate attorney to ensure contracts are airtight and to protect you against mistakes during the closing process. When successfully negotiated, FSBO land deals can become incredibly lucrative investments. But what do real-life examples look like? Case Studies and Success Stories in FSBO Land Investing Case Study 1: Transforming Undeveloped Land An investor discovered a 5-acre vacant lot through a local FSBO listing. After conducting due diligence, they rezoned part of the property for residential development and sold it at a 150% ROI within three years. Case Study 2: Securing a Hidden Gem An investor successfully acquired a lakefront FSBO (For Sale By Owner) property at a price below market value by engaging in tactful, direct negotiations with the seller. Understanding the potential of the property, the investor undertook a comprehensive renovation, transforming it into a highly sought-after vacation rental. The property now attracts numerous tourists throughout the year, providing a steady stream of income and increasing the property's overall value. These examples underscore the potential rewards available through dedicated research, diligent effort, and strategic planning when investing in FSBO properties. By carefully assessing opportunities and employing smart negotiation tactics, investors can achieve significant returns on their investments in the real estate market. Tips for Avoiding Common Pitfalls in FSBO Land Deals While FSBO transactions can be rewarding, pitfalls abound. Avoid them by: Double-checking disclosures:  Sellers may be unaware of hidden defects; verify all claims through inspections. Budgeting for unexpected costs:  Account for permits, zoning changes, and rehab expenses in your investment plan. Avoiding pressure:  Take your time to evaluate deals and don’t skip steps to rush toward closing. Adding FSBO Land Deals to Your Real Estate Portfolio FSBO land investing provides an exciting opportunity for real estate investors, no matter where they are in their investment journeys. By exploring the hidden gems in FSBO markets and applying the steps outlined here, you can tap into opportunities that increase efficiency, save costs, and set you apart from competitors. If you’re ready to take the next step but need expert guidance, consider checking out our live FSBO listing on our marketplace and review the potential value associated with the property!

A solar parking canopy is an innovative structure that blends the functionality of parking shelters with the sustainability of solar energy. These canopies are equipped with solar panels installed on their roofs, harnessing the sun's power to generate clean, renewable energy. Not only do they provide shade and protection for vehicles against the elements, but they also contribute to reducing carbon footprints by producing electricity on-site. As businesses and organizations seek more sustainable solutions, solar parking canopies are increasingly becoming a popular choice for enhancing both environmental impact and energy efficiency. In this resource, we will examine solar parking canopies and offer advice on how commercial property owners can begin the process of installing these beneficial structures on their underutilized parking lots. What is a Solar Parking Canopy? A solar parking canopy is a type of solar canopy that is built to provide shade for parked cars while also generating renewable energy through   solar panels  on the roof of the structure. They are intentionally designed to allow functional use of the space for parked cars underneath the solar panels. Solar parking canopies not only harness solar power but also provide protection for vehicles, reducing the urban heat island effect and sheltering them from weather elements. This innovative approach contributes to sustainable energy solutions and enhances the functionality of existing infrastructure. How High are Solar Parking Canopies? Solar parking canopies typically stand 12-15 feet tall. Designing an effective solar canopy requires balancing installation costs, available space, and potential electricity generation. Although larger carports have higher total installation costs, they benefit from a lower cost per watt due to fixed expenses that remain constant regardless of system size. The   solar carport's  clearance must be sufficient for vehicles and equipment to pass underneath freely. However, excessive height can unnecessarily inflate project costs. Benefits of Solar Parking Canopies Installing a solar parking canopy has numerous benefits, like producing clean energy, reducing energy costs, and vehicle protection. Generates Clean Energy : By utilizing the power of the sun, solar parking canopies produce clean   solar energy  without emitting harmful pollutants or greenhouse gases. Reduces Energy Costs : The electricity generated by solar panels can be used to offset the electricity consumption of the building where the canopy is installed. This results in lower energy bills and potential savings for the property owner. Provides Shade : Solar parking canopies provide shade for parked cars, reducing the heat buildup inside vehicles and making them more comfortable to enter on hot days. Protects Vehicles : The solar parking canopy also provides protection from weather elements like rain, snow, and hail, which can damage vehicles if left exposed. Contributes to Sustainable Development : By utilizing renewable energy sources and reducing the dependence on fossil fuels, solar parking canopies contribute to sustainable development goals of   decarbonization  and promoting environmental sustainability. Generate Revenue : Business owners who install commercial solar carports with EV chargers can create a new revenue stream and offer an additional amenity to customers. Disadvantages of Solar Parking Canopies Although there are many benefits of solar parking canopies, there are also a few potential disadvantages to be aware of: Building Permits:  In some cases, special building permits may be required to construct a solar canopy, which can make the process of installing a parking solar canopy longer. Installation Costs:  The initial cost of installing a solar parking canopy can be quite high, including expenses for materials, labor, and potential alterations to existing infrastructure. Installing solar panels above a parking space costs several times more than installing one on the ground or on a rooftop because of the need to build the supporting infrastructure. Maintenance:  Regular maintenance is required to keep the solar panels and the overall structure in optimal condition. This can include cleaning the panels, checking electrical connections, and ensuring the integrity of the canopy. Space Requirements:  Solar parking canopies require sufficient space to be effective, which may not be available in all locations. This can limit their feasibility in densely populated or space-constrained urban areas. For this reason, solar parking canopies on commercial properties are especially appealing. Weather Dependency:  The effectiveness of solar panels is dependent on weather conditions. In areas with frequent cloud cover or limited sunlight, the energy generation may not be as high as anticipated. Visual Impact:  Some individuals may perceive solar canopies as visually unappealing or intrusive, potentially affecting the aesthetics of the location where they are installed. Why Aren't There More Solar Parking Canopies? Installing solar farms on parking lots comes with unique technical challenges, particularly regarding the structural integrity of the canopies. Solar panels require sturdy support systems, which can be both expensive to install and maintain. However, advancements in engineering and materials are helping to make these structures more cost-effective and long-lasting. The upfront costs of solar panels and installation can be significant, but various financial incentives can help alleviate the burden. Federal tax credits, grants, and power purchase agreements (PPAs) offer businesses flexible options to transition to solar energy. PPAs, in particular, allow companies to avoid large initial expenses by paying for the system gradually through savings on electricity bills. Another challenge lies in navigating the complex regulations and permitting processes. Zoning laws, building codes, and utility regulations differ by region and can create significant obstacles. Partnering with experienced solar developers can simplify this process, ensuring regulatory compliance and optimizing the project's success. Why is it Smart to Put Solar Canopies on Parking Lots? Overall, placing   solar canopies  on large parking lots makes efficient use of land that is already cleared, produces electricity close to those who need it, protects cars, and can produce additional revenue for the parking lot owner. The main appeal of parking lots and rooftops for producing solar energy is that they are abundant, close to customers, largely untapped for solar power generation, and on land that’s already been stripped of much of its biological value.  Solar farms are usually built on undeveloped land, a rapidly diminishing resource that is increasingly needed for various essential services. These include growing food, providing wildlife habitats, storing and purifying water, preventing erosion, and sequestering carbon. As the availability of undeveloped land shrinks, the pressure to balance these critical functions intensifies. Solar parking canopies offer a multifaceted solution by harnessing solar energy, providing vehicle protection, and contributing to environmental sustainability. While there are considerations such as installation costs and space requirements, the benefits often outweigh the drawbacks, making them a viable and forward-thinking option for many commercial property settings. As technology advances and the push for sustainable practices grows, the adoption of solar parking canopies is likely to increase, further solidifying their role in the future of energy and infrastructure. Commercial and government property owners can invest in solar parking canopies or lease their parking lots for solar canopies, showcasing their commitment to sustainability while producing clean energy and revenue. List your properties (land, rooftops, parking lots) for lease for free on LandGate’s marketplace to connect with solar energy developers today: Looking for more data to help you analyze your commercial properties’ (rooftops, parking lots) best sites for renewable energy production? Learn more about LandGate's solutions for commercial property owners below:

According to the   U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) , millions of Americans across the country live within just one mile from an abandoned coal mine or an orphaned oil and gas well. Legacy pollution sites pose significant environmental hazards and threaten public health and safety. They contaminate groundwater, emit noxious gasses like methane, litter the landscape with rusted and hazardous equipment, increase flooding and sinkhole risks, and harm wildlife. This resource explores the risks of abandoned oil wells while offering insights on how to evaluate these risk levels. What Happens to an Abandoned Oil Well? An oil or gas well is plugged and abandoned when it reaches the end of its useful life or becomes a dry hole. The main goal is to guarantee that no leaks reach the surface and that formation fluid migration does not occur, even many years after the well has been abandoned. Safely plugging and abandoning these wells requires meticulous preparation and planning. This starts with ensuring the well site is safe for abandonment activities. Key assessments include evaluating safe access and egress, soil condition and stability, terrain contour, and the presence of plants or animals. Other considerations involve identifying potentially hazardous atmospheres near the well, managing traffic and movement, staging equipment, and addressing any other hazards. The process of abandonment involves removing and salvaging wellbore casing, tubulars, and other equipment through techniques such as freepoint/ backoff, stretching, or cutting off tubulars at a specified depth using chemical cutting, explosives, hydraulic cutting, or pulling methods. Stuck tubulars above the cut are extracted with fishing tools, while those below the cut remain in the wellbore. Cement plugs are then installed and tested to prevent fluid migration between different formations, in compliance with federal and state regulations, which may vary. Finally, the upper casing is cut below grade, the well is capped, and the surface is reclaimed to match the surrounding environment, adhering to federal and state environmental regulations. What are the Risks of Abandoned Wells? Abandoned and orphaned wells are a serious problem in the United States due to the various environmental and safety risks that they pose to humans, infrastructure, and wildlife. The dangers of old wells includes exposure to dangerous equipment, sinkholes, groundwater contamination, and air pollution. 1) Exposure to Dangerous Equipment Abandoned oil and gas well equipment pose multiple risks, primarily due to their hazardous and deteriorating nature. Over time, rusted and corroded pipes, tanks, and other remnants can become unstable, risking collapse or breakage. This instability can lead to injuries for unsuspecting humans or animals that may come into contact with or explore these sites. The presence of rusting equipment also disrupts the landscape, impeding land rehabilitation efforts and adversely affecting the aesthetics and l and usage . 2) Sinkhole Risks Old oil and gas wells can collapse and cause sinkholes. When a well is abandoned and not properly plugged, groundwater can seep into the borehole, dissolving salt minerals such as halite or gypsum in the rock formation and creating underground voids. These voids can cause the ground above to collapse, creating dangerous sinkholes that can damage infrastructure and pose a risk to people's safety. 3) Groundwater Contamination Abandoned wells pose a significant risk to groundwater contamination as their casings and screens corrode over time, turning the wells into pathways for contaminants to move vertically through the boreholes. The extent to which an abandoned well can negatively impact groundwater quality depends on its original use, local geology, subsurface fluid characteristics, and construction type. Often, an abandoned well is merely covered with a board or a sheet of metal, sometimes welded in a futile attempt to prevent it from becoming a public hazard. However, such measures overlook the critical issue that an unplugged, abandoned well itself is a major threat to groundwater quality. If left unplugged, these wells jeopardize the area's water supplies and can indirectly lead to illness or death for those who consume the contaminated water. 4) Potential Release of Toxins & Air Pollution Improperly plugged or decommissioned oil and gas wells are essentially open holes in the ground that can release harmful toxins like methane, arsenic, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide into the environment, even when they are no longer productive. These wells pose serious risks, including the potential for fires and explosions. Even a minor leak from a single well can have a significant impact over years or decades, contaminating soil and groundwater while contributing to air pollution. One of the most alarming threats from orphaned oil wells is methane. This odorless gas can infiltrate homes, offices, schools, and other nearby buildings undetected, leading to severe health issues such as nausea, weakness, vomiting, and convulsions. In high concentrations, methane exposure can result in coma or even death, and it is highly explosive. Furthermore, these uncontrolled methane emissions contribute significantly to greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. 5) Risks to Wildlife Abandoned oil and gas wells significantly threaten local wildlife and their habitats. These sites often become dangerous traps for animals, which can inadvertently fall into open wellbores or become entangled in discarded equipment. The contamination of soil and water sources with hazardous substances, such as hydrocarbons and heavy metals, further exacerbates the risks to surrounding ecosystems. Polluted water sources can lead to bioaccumulation of toxins in various species, affecting their health and reproductive abilities. Additionally, the emission of gasses like methane can interfere with local air quality, impacting both terrestrial and avian species. Habitat fragmentation and the presence of pollutants ultimately disrupt the delicate balance of ecosystems, leading to declines in biodiversity and impairing the natural behavior of wildlife. Abandoned Wells and The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law mandates the Secretary of the Interior to initiate programs for the inventory and proper closure of orphaned wells to eliminate environmental and public safety hazards. It allocates $4.7 billion for the plugging, remediation, and restoration of orphaned well sites across federal, Tribal, state, and private lands. An "orphaned well" refers to a well that is no longer used for authorized purposes such as production, injection, or monitoring. These wells have no identifiable operator, or the operator is incapable of plugging, remediating, and reclaiming the well site. How Many Abandoned Wells are There in the U.S.? According to the   U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) , there are an estimated 2-3 million abandoned oil and gas wells throughout the country. Research estimated that more than 117,000 of those are "orphaned," meaning that they are uncapped, unproductive, and with no responsible party identified to manage pollution and leakage risks. Impact of Abandoned Wells on Real Estate Abandoned wells can significantly affect land values  and complicate property transactions. When evaluating properties, potential buyers and real estate professionals must consider the presence and condition of nearby abandoned wells. These wells often pose a hidden liability, with the potential to introduce contaminants to the soil and groundwater, leading to costly remediation efforts. In addition, the structural integrity of land surrounding abandoned wells may be compromised, increasing the risk of subsidence or sinkholes, which can lead to property damage and pose serious safety hazards. During property due diligence, it is crucial to conduct thorough environmental assessments, such as Phase 1 reports , to identify any abandoned wells on or near the property. Proper documentation and remediation plans must be in place to address any discovered risks, ensuring the property's safety and compliance with environmental regulations. Ignoring these factors can lead to unforeseen expenses and legal liabilities, significantly impacting property value and marketability. Property owners with long-abandoned wells and communities near old oil fields often face significant challenges when attempting to plug and decommission these orphaned wells. Many people impacted by these wells encounter numerous obstacles in the process. In summary, the presence of abandoned wells necessitates heightened vigilance in real estate transactions to safeguard investments and ensure public safety. How to Find Abandoned Oil Wells The   DOI  provides information about abandoned oil and gas wells and their location across the country. LandApp also provides the exact location of abandoned oil and gas wells across the country along with basic information about each well: To assess your property's abandoned oil and gas well contamination risk, get a free property report on LandGate's map! Along with your specific property's oil and gas contamination risk, you'll find additional risk indexes to help you find out if your property is contaminated :

One of the distinctive aspects of farming and ranching is the strong attachment to long-established family enterprises, often centered around real property. Many farms and ranches have been in the family for multiple generations , and there is a strong desire to keep ownership of the land within the family, both for those involved in operations and those who are not. However, this desire can give rise to unique challenges related to income apportionment, control, and estate equalization. To effectively address these challenges, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the relevant issues and techniques. This allows for the implementation of appropriate legal and tax strategies that preserve the farm or ranch for the succeeding generations, providing long-term peace of mind for operators and their families. This resource explores various strategies and tips for farm succession planning. The Importance of Farm Succession Planning In the future, the farm's success will not only hinge on the quality of its produce, but also on the ability to adapt to changing agricultural trends, technological advancements, and evolving consumer needs. As such, it is essential to have a well-established farm   with a continuous succession of farming heirs who have a comprehensive understanding of proper farm management. These heirs should be well-versed in modern agricultural practices, sustainable farming methods, and innovative marketing strategies to ensure the farm's longevity and profitability. A well-prepared succession of farming heirs ensures that the farm retains its competitive edge, by capitalizing on the rich heritage and knowledge passed down through generations, whilst simultaneously being adaptable and forward-looking. They will be the custodians of the farm's legacy, driving its growth and ensuring its contribution to the local economy and community. Therefore, a well-thought-out and implemented farm succession plan is not only a strategy for survival but is also the blueprint for the growth and sustainability of the farm business. It is an investment in the future of the farm and its continued success.  Farming families need to prioritize creating a comprehensive and adaptable succession plan that not only addresses immediate concerns but also looks toward the long-term development and growth of their agricultural business. With proper communication, collaboration, and planning, a successful farm succession can secure the future of the farm and its legacy for generations to come.  So, it is important to continuously review and update the succession plan to adapt to changes in circumstances, ensure fairness and equity among family members, and guarantee the continued success of the farm. With a well-crafted farm succession plan, farming families can confidently pass on their hard work and passion for agriculture to future generations.   Strategies for Farm and Ranch Succession Planning A farm succession plan is vital for farming families to ensure the continuity and viability of their agricultural business across generations. This plan is not just about retirement but also involves preparing for unexpected scenarios such as sudden illness or death. The succession plan outlines who will take over the farm operations, thus reducing potential family conflict and financial uncertainties. It provides a road map for the next generation, equipping them with the necessary skills and knowledge to manage and grow the business. Without a farm succession plan, the future of the farm and its legacy may be at risk. 1) Family Collaboration A successful and effective farm succession plan involves thorough communication and collaboration between all family members, including those who may not be directly involved in the farming operations. It is important to address any potential conflicts or concerns early on and involve legal and financial advisors to ensure a smooth transition of ownership. Another key aspect of a farm succession plan is identifying and preparing the next generation of leaders. This includes providing them with opportunities to learn and gain experience in different areas of the business, as well as involving them in decision-making processes. It is also important for the current generation to gradually hand over responsibilities and allow the next generation to take on more ownership. 2) Address Financial Considerations In addition to preparing the next generation, a farm succession plan should also address financial considerations such as taxes, estate planning, and the transfer of assets. It is crucial to have a clear understanding of the financial implications of the succession plan and involve financial experts to ensure a fair and equitable distribution. 3) Explore Long-Term Sustainability and Growth Opportunities Another important aspect of a farm succession plan is addressing the long-term sustainability and growth of the business. This may include exploring new markets, implementing modern technologies, or diversifying into new areas of agriculture. It is important to have a clear vision for the future of the farm and incorporate it into the succession plan. 4) Continuously Revise the Succession Plan Continuous review and updating of the farm succession plan is also crucial as circumstances may change over time. This includes regular communication and discussions with family members, as well as adapting to any changes in the agricultural industry or economic conditions. Addressing Challenges While Farm and Ranch Succession Planning When it comes to succession planning in family-operated businesses, balancing the interests of active and non-active children can be a delicate issue. This is particularly true in farming and ranching operations, where children often establish their rights to the land or livestock through hard work and dedication. However, not all children may want to continue working in the agricultural field, opting for alternative career paths instead. In cases where there are active children involved in the operation, farm, and ranch operators may choose to gift or assist them in acquiring ownership interests in specific assets like land, livestock, or equipment. While this is a common practice, it is rare for non-active children to acquire ownership interests in these assets. This is primarily because non-active ownership can sometimes hinder farming operations, especially when the farm or ranch is the family's main asset. However, the question remains: how do non-active children feel a part of the family heritage if the farm or ranch represents that heritage? This issue is fundamental to the continuity of the operation but is also influenced by the economic realities inherent in farming. Factors that need to be considered include: Existing assets and cash flow are available for funding the legacy and providing for non-active heirs. The dedication and ability of the successor. The parent's perspective on the successor's contribution equity and the proportion of the operation attributed to them. The non-active heirs' desire for continuity of the operation or preference for liquidating their share. The ability and willingness of successors and non-active heirs to work harmoniously together. The parent's perspective on the continuity of the operation versus equal inheritances for all heirs. It is also essential to consider whether non-active heirs were given a fair chance to become active participants in the family enterprise. Were their opportunities hindered or thwarted by the fact that an older sibling was already provided with an opportunity, consequently closing the doors for other heirs? Successfully navigating these complex dynamics requires careful consideration, open communication, and a willingness to find a balance that respects the interests of all family members involved. If you are inheriting a farm or a ranch, it is important to know as much about the property as you can! LandGate makes that easy by providing property owners with a free property report analyzing all of the potential values and uses of the property. Property owners can also advertise their farms and ranches for lease for free on LandGate's marketplace to generate long-term, sustainable revenue for generations to come. There are no fees or obligations to accept any offers when you list agricultural land for lease on LandGate:

Superfund, a term that echoes both urgency and remediation, refers to a United States federal government program established to address abandoned hazardous waste sites. It aims to identify and clean up these sites to protect the environment and the health of the local populations. The program, officially known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), was enacted by Congress in 1980 in response to growing concerns over health risks posed by polluted sites across the country. This legislation represents a critical step towards rectifying the mistakes of the past, holding responsible parties accountable for environmental damage, and ensuring a safer, cleaner future for all. In this guide, we will outline the   EPA's  Superfund program and address some commonly asked questions about Superfund sites and their impact on real estate. Are you wondering if you live near a Superfund site, or are you interested in finding our where Superfund sites are located? LandApp provides the location of Superfund and contaminated sites across the United States. Learn more and subscribe today: What is Superfund? Superfund is the term given to the environmental program established to address the challenge of abandoned hazardous waste sites. CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act), the formal title for Superfund, was established following a State of Emergency declaration at Love Canal, New York, in 1978. Love Canal, initially an abandoned canal project, turned into a dumping site where the Hooker Chemicals and Plastics Corporation disposed of nearly 22,000 tons of chemical waste in the 1940s and 1950s. This waste included hazardous materials such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin, and pesticides, marking a significant environmental disaster. The primary objective of Superfund is to rehabilitate hazardous-waste sites for productive purposes.  Superfund authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to clean up contaminated sites. It further requires that the parties responsible for the contamination either manage the cleanups themselves or reimburse the government for the cleanup operations conducted by the EPA. The program is unique because it makes polluters responsible for paying part of the cleanup cost. Around 70 percent of Superfund cleanups have been paid by responsible parties. These locations have been transformed into a variety of uses, including wetlands, office complexes, new enterprises, manufacturing plants, and beyond. What is a Superfund Site? Superfund sites are the specific locations that are polluted with hazardous materials. These sites include manufacturing facilities, processing plants, landfills and mining sites. As of May 2024, there were a total of 1340 Superfund sites listed on the   National Priorities List (NPL)  nationwide. Is it Safe to Live Near a Superfund Site? Proximity to a Superfund site is critical, as Superfund sites contain toxic pollutants that can harm human health. Living, working or going to school near a Superfund site may have negative health effects depending on the specific toxins at the site. Approximately 24 million people live within 1 mile of a Superfund site (roughly 7% of the U.S. population). However, a property's close proximity to a Superfund site does not necessarily mean that it is contaminated. How Close am I to a Superfund Site? The EPA provides a map of all Superfund sites across the United States on their   website . You can also discover your property's exact distance to the nearest Superfund site by getting a free property report on LandGate's map. This report will also provide you with a property risk score measured on a scale of 0-100, letting you gauge your property's potential for contamination at a glance. What is the Biggest Superfund Site? The Coeur d’Alene Basin Cleanup site, located in Smelterville, Idaho, stands as one of the largest and most intricate Superfund cleanup efforts in the United States. Covering an expansive area of 1,500 square miles and extending along 166 miles of river, the site has been sectioned into several zones to streamline the remediation process. This area has become heavily contaminated as a result of historical mining and milling activities, which involved the improper disposal of tailings into local rivers and streams. This led to the widespread distribution of pollutants across the floodplain of the South Fork Coeur d’Alene River. Additionally, contamination has stemmed from sizable piles of waste, discarded rock, and the airborne emissions previously released by smelting operations. As a consequence, the soil, sediment, groundwater, and surface water in the area have been tainted with heavy metals, including lead. Designated as a priority on the National Priorities List in 1983, the site has since witnessed significant advancements in contamination cleanup, thanks to the concerted efforts of the EPA and its collaborating partners. Which State has the Most Superfund Sites? New Jersey has the most Superfund sites with a total of 115 as of April 2024. The high number of Superfund sites in New Jersey can be attributed to the state's industrial history, dense population and legacy of environmental contamination. Additional states with a high number of Superfund sites include California and Pennsylvania. Map of Superfund Sites in New Jersey from LandApp How Can a Superfund Site Affect My Property? When exploring the potential   contamination risk  from Superfund sites near properties, it is critical to understand the broad spectrum of influences these hazardous locations can exert on real estate values, safety, and public health. The presence of a Superfund site in the vicinity of a property can lead to significant apprehensions among homeowners, prospective buyers, and investors alike, concerning the contamination risk and its subsequent effects on property valuation. Impact of Superfund Sites on Buying & Selling Property The proximity of a property to Superfund sites can significantly impact the buying & selling process along with the overall marketability of a property. For example, contamination risk falls under one of the   types of real estate investment risks , so property investors must be aware of any potential contamination issues associated with a property before making a purchase. Various states enforce disclosure laws mandating owners to inform potential buyers about any pollution issues when selling their property. For precise information regarding such regulations or any deed restrictions on your property, it is advisable to consult with a real estate expert, relevant government bodies at the state or local level, or a legal advisor. These professionals can clarify if your state enforces these laws and guide you accordingly. Impact of Superfund Sites on Property Values Properties within close proximity to Superfund sites generally have lower property values. A good resource for property value information is a local government agency-such as your local taxing authority or planning commission-or a local real estate professional. They are experienced in appraising property values and determining the effect of contamination on property values. If your property value decreases due to close proximity to a Superfund site, property owners may want to consult with local government officials about the possibility of property tax abatements or adjustments, based on impacts on property values from pollution concerns; however, this is beyond the authority of the EPA and the federal government. The Superfund law does not authorize EPA to compensate individual property owners for losses of property value or other potential damages associated with designating an area as a Superfund. How to Identify Potentially Contaminated Land Whether you currently own land or property or are interested in   buying land  or property, understanding if a property potentially has environmental issues is crucial. A   Phase 1 Report , often a critical first step in environmental due diligence, is the most accurate assessment designed to identify potential or existing environmental contamination liabilities on a property. Discover the potential contamination risk of any property instantly with   LandApp . While LandApp is not a substitute for a formal Phase 1 ESA report, it offers valuable insights into a property's proximity to Superfund sites, contaminated areas, underground tanks, and abandoned wells across the U.S. This innovative tool also delivers comprehensive data on specific contaminants, remediation efforts, chemical properties, and more, equipping you with critical information about a property's contamination risk at the click of a button.

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is an advanced iteration of the traditional Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. While CCS focuses mainly on the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide to mitigate emissions, CCUS takes a step further by finding practical applications for the captured carbon. This makes CCUS a more dynamic approach as it not only reduces the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere but also turns them into valuable products like chemicals, concrete, and even fuels. In this guide, we will explore the differences between CCUS and CCS, highlighting the future of each practice. Key Takeaways: • CCUS vs. CCS: CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) is an advanced form of CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) that not only captures and stores carbon dioxide but also finds practical uses for it, turning it into valuable products like chemicals and fuels. • Carbon Capture: This involves capturing CO2 emissions from power plants and industrial facilities to prevent their release into the atmosphere, thereby mitigating global warming. • CCS Process: CCS involves capturing CO2, transporting it to a storage site, and securely storing it to prevent atmospheric release, thus combating climate change. • CCUS Process: CCUS goes beyond CCS by reusing captured CO2 in industrial processes, converting it into materials like plastics and biofuels, making it a more efficient approach to managing emissions. • Challenges: High costs and developmental challenges hinder widespread CCS adoption. Without legislative mandates or financial incentives, companies have little motivation to invest in this technology. • Future Prospects: CCUS is gaining momentum due to national climate targets and policy incentives. Significant investments, like the $1.2 billion by the DOE in 2023, aim to expand carbon removal infrastructure. • Opportunities for Landowners: Property owners can lease land for carbon storage or credits, contributing to CCS operations and benefiting from carbon capture initiatives. What is Carbon Capture? Carbon capture encompasses a range of techniques employed to capture the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated by power plants and industrial facilities. Its primary objective is to prevent the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, which contributes to global warming. Once captured, the carbon dioxide can either be repurposed for other uses or securely stored, a process known as carbon sequestration. This approach not only mitigates environmental impact but also ensures the responsible management of CO2 emissions. What is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)? Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a unique technological process aimed at mitigating the release of large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, thereby combating climate change. The process involves three key steps: the capture of CO2 emissions, the transportation of the captured CO2 to a suitable storage site, and the secure storage of the CO2 to prevent its release into the atmosphere. This innovative approach ensures that CO2 is effectively contained and does not contribute to environmental degradation. What is Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage (CCUS)? Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) takes CCS one step further. Working in unison with CCS is CCUS, which focuses on reusing the CO2 from industrial processes by converting it into productive goods. CCUS vs. CCS Instead of just trapping and burying carbon dioxide using carbon capture and storage (CCS), certain technologies enable its productive utilization. This process, known as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), allows for a more efficient and effective approach to managing carbon emissions. The idea for CCUS is that, instead of just storing carbon, it could be re-used in industrial processes by converting it into productive materials, such as plastics, concrete or biofuel. Why Is Carbon Capture Not Used More? The widespread adoption of CCS development has been hindered by several factors. One primary obstacle is the high cost associated with implementation. Unless polluters are compelled by legislation or offered financial incentives by the government, they have little incentive to invest in this technology, except to maintain their reputation as responsible corporate entities. Additionally, much of the technology, especially direct air capture, is still in the developmental phase. It is energy intensive, slow to implement, and unproven and scale, which has slowed its adoption. Nevertheless, it is highly probable that carbon capture will play a more prominent role in the future. The Future of CCS and CCUS CCUS is not a new idea, but the pipeline is now growing exponentially on the back of national climate targets and policy incentives which have encouraged rapid up-scaling and wide-scale adoption. For example, the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act allocated more than $12 billion for CCUS projects. In August 2023, the Department of Energy (DOE) announced that it was investing up to $1.2 billion in two commercial-scale direct air capture facilities, one in Louisiana and the other in Texas. The DOE said the investment “aims to kickstart a nationwide network of large-scale carbon removal sites to address legacy carbon dioxide pollution and complement rapid emissions reductions. Property owners across the United States may have the opportunity to contribute to CCS operations by leasing their property for carbon credits. Landowners can also lease their land for carbon credits, agreeing to certain practices that allow their land to capture more carbon. To lease land for carbon credits, consider listing your property for lease for free on LandApp's marketplace, where high-intent carbon developers and investors actively source new projects:

In recent years, Wyoming has emerged as a prime location for data centers due to its impressive blend of low-cost energy, favorable tax environment, and vast open spaces. As technology continues to evolve, the demand for robust data infrastructure is skyrocketing. Property owners in Wyoming have a golden opportunity to capitalize on this growing demand by leasing their land for data center development. By listing their properties on LandGate's marketplace, landowners can reach a network of potential lessees looking for the ideal location to establish or expand their operations. Leasing land for data centers not only provides a lucrative revenue stream but also contributes to the state's economy and technological advancement. What Should Landowners Know about Data Center Development in Wyoming? Wyoming is rapidly establishing itself as a prominent player in the data center industry, driven by a unique combination of factors that make it an attractive location for investment. As the demand for data services continues to soar, data centers  play a crucial role in maintaining the digital infrastructure we rely on daily. These specialized facilities are designed to process, store, and manage vast amounts of data, operating around the clock to support our increasingly connected world. A significant factor contributing to Wyoming’s competitive edge in the data center market is its advantageous tax structure. The state has no corporate or personal income tax, which significantly reduces operational costs for businesses. This favorable tax environment, combined with low energy costs, creates a compelling landscape for data center development. Wyoming is also rich in renewable energy resources, particularly wind power. The southeastern region of the state boasts some of the best wind resources in the nation, where sustained winds are funneled through mountain passes and across the high prairie. This enables Wyoming’s wind farms to operate at impressive capacity levels. Additionally, the state has 16 hydropower dams, primarily older units owned by the federal government, which provide a reliable source of clean energy to support local industries, including data centers. For landowners interested in capitalizing on this growing market, LandGate serves as a valuable marketplace connecting property owners who wish to sell or lease their land directly to developers seeking sites for data centers. LandGate offers crucial property data to help owners make informed decisions, providing insights on land value and capitalization rates at no cost. To assess the suitability of your property for data center development, you can create a free property report by finding your property on LandGate's map. Why is it Attractive to Lease or Sell Your Land for Data Centers in Wyoming? Wyoming is emerging as an attractive destination for data center development, fueled by significant investments from major tech companies. Recent announcements, including an $800 million data center from Meta and a massive 945-acre project in Cheyenne, suggest these facilities could generate substantial economic revenue and job creation in the region. Projections indicate that each major data center project could bring hundreds, if not thousands, of jobs during construction and ongoing operations, offering landowners a unique opportunity to benefit financially from leasing or selling their property. The state’s favorable tax environment—highlighted by the absence of corporate and personal income tax—along with low energy costs, enhances its appeal for data center developers. Wyoming’s abundant renewable energy resources, particularly wind and hydroelectric power, further support the operational efficiency of data centers. The southeastern part of the state, known for its robust wind resources, is especially well-suited for large-scale projects that require reliable, clean energy. Buildable acreage for data centers in Wyoming varies, with small facilities starting at just a few acres and large-scale projects often exceeding 200-300 acres. The typical medium-sized data center ranges from 50-90 acres, which aligns with current market demands. This flexibility allows landowners to explore different leasing options that suit their property specifications. Beyond financial gains there are additional benefits of leasing land for data centers . Landowners in Wyoming can contribute to the regional economy through data center development, which fosters job creation and economic diversification. Data centers are also increasingly incorporating advanced technological methodologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, to enhance performance and operational efficiency. Moreover, sustainability is a key focus, with many data centers adopting innovative cooling techniques and recycling systems to minimize environmental impact. These projects are designed to be resilient, with built-in features that mitigate risks from natural disasters. This creates a reliable stream of income for landowners that   lease their land for data centers  regardless of the   risk of natural disasters .   Considerations for Property Owners in Wyoming By leasing or selling property in Wyoming for the development of data centers, landowners are able to contribute to the infrastructure that keeps the digital world and the economy running smoothly. Property owners of all types, ranging from individuals to corporations and   governments , are not only a critical component in the digital network that supports the technology provided by data centers we need to operate every day, but also a key component to regional and state economic development.  When selling or leasing land in Wyoming for data centers, landowners should keep the typical size requirements in mind along with several other important considerations. Zoning and regulatory laws will impact the amount of land eligible for development. The property’s proximity to power and fiber optic sources will also affect a property’s suitability for data center development. Wyoming's strategic location and abundant natural resources position it as a prime destination for data center development, offering mutual benefits for landowners and developers alike. With no corporate or personal income tax, along with significant long-term tax advantages, data center investors can enter into long-term lease agreements with landowners. This arrangement provides landowners with a secure and consistent source of income while supporting the growth of a thriving data center ecosystem in the state. Leasing Property for Data Centers in Wyoming The process of leasing property for data centers in Wyoming involves assessing your property's suitability for a data center, marketing your property for lease, and then negotiating lease offers. Step 1: Land Qualification  The first step for landowners in Wyoming curious about leasing or selling their land for data center development is to understand if their land is suitable for a data center. Factors such as location, buildable acreage, zoning, topography, proximity to energy and utilities, and environmental considerations like   flood zones  and wetlands all impact a property’s viability for a data center.  Curious if your land in Wyoming could   qualify for a data center  lease? LandGate provides data center value index scores for every property in the U.S. within our free property reports. On a scale of 0-100, the data center value index score will let you know how suitable your property could be for data center development. Get a free property report by finding your parcel on LandGate’s map: Institutional and   government property owners  in Wyoming also have the opportunity to lease their properties for data center development to generate revenue and contribute to economic growth. To learn which of your agency’s specific sites are most suitable for data center development, book a free consultation call with the government & corporate team at LandGate below: Step 2: Market Your Property for Lease or for Sale for a Data Center Listing your property in Wyoming for lease or for sale for the construction of a data center on LandGate’s marketplace is the best way to market and get the most value from your property. By listing on LandGate’s marketplace, you are presenting your property to various competitive companies actively searching for properties in Wyoming to lease or buy for data center development. If you’re unsure if your property could be suitable for a data center, our team recommends creating a listing anyway- listing is completely free with no obligations to accept any offers, so you never know what kind of offers you may receive. Step 3: Receive Data Center Lease Offers Once your listing is live on   LandGate’s marketplace , any interested developers will reach out to you directly with offers using the contact information provided when you registered for your LandGate account.  Step 4: Data Center Lease Negotiation Negotiating the ground lease offer is the first step you will take after receiving an offer. LandGate is unable to provide legal advice or assist with conducting due diligence on any offers that you receive, but we can refer you to a licensed expert that can help. These professionals, such as commercial real estate brokers, attorneys, and engineers, can assist you in ensuring that you are securing a good deal. Always remember that lease agreements are completely negotiable. You can negotiate things like the value of the lease payments, the length of the lease, and the percentage of the escalator. Typically, ground leases for data centers range from 75-99 years, and generally provide escalating base rents, percentage rent arrangements, and outline responsibilities for maintenance and utilities.  Step 5: Lease Option Agreement  After negotiations, developers need to retrieve data center option agreements. Typically, this follows a check by the developer, ensuring that the land meets their needs and in the case of tax exemptions of subsidiaries, meets all necessary government requirements. It is essential for both parties involved in the agreement to assess possible engineering and land factors, to ensure the feasibility of the project and ensure that it receives all necessary approvals to begin. Oftentimes, data center proposals will be pitched to the county or state government.  Why can’t I get a lease agreement directly?   The process of developing any large data center begins with the developer optioning the land, also known as ‘site control,’ typically through a Ground Lease. Once thorough land evaluation has taken place, utility application is necessary. This means that the data center project will need further due diligence to ensure that sites have required proximity to a power source (renewable or a power substation), access to fiber optic cables, and that necessary   easements  are in place.  Where can a landowner get more information about the lease?   You can find out if your property could be suitable for a data center by getting a free property report from LandGate. LandGate provides data center value index scores for every property in the U.S., which will evaluate your property on a scale of 0-100, letting you know how suitable your property could be for a data center. Get a free property report by finding your parcel on LandGate’s map: Step 6: Lease Agreement Once site control is confirmed, the project is then moved to a ‘planned’ phase. The option agreement now becomes an official lease agreement, and the landowner begins to receive lease payments from the data center developer. The specific amount of these lease payments depends on what is negotiated in the lease. Step 7: Data Center Construction  Lease payments for data centers are phased as projects progress. Typically, the lease payments start as a small amount during the option period and increase during the construction phase of the data center, with payments reaching their peak upon completion of the data center.  Depending on the size of the project, constructing a data center can take anywhere from 18 to 40 months before the data center reaches full operation. Smaller projects will take a substantially less amount of time to complete.  Step 8: Active Data Center  After construction is completed and the data center is fully operational, the lease enters the ‘production’ phase,  which indicates that the land is now responsible for data storage and transmission through the data center. This period will last throughout the remainder of the lease.

Leasing property for data centers in Wisconsin presents a unique opportunity for landowners, commercial real estate property owners, and government agencies with underutilized land. As the demand for data storage and processing continues to surge, driven by advancements in technology and the proliferation of data-intensive applications, the strategic use of available land for data centers can yield significant financial benefits. This resource will explore advantages of leasing property for data centers , explore key considerations for stakeholders in this sector, and highlight how Wisconsin's favorable climate and infrastructure can serve as a catalyst for growth and innovation in the digital economy. What should property owners know about data center development in Wisconsin?  Over the last decade, the data center market has been growing rapidly, undergoing a remarkable transformation.   Data centers  serve to be an essential part in maintaining internet growth and online service demand. They serve as specialized locations of vast computer networks and storage systems that work around the clock to process, store, and manage data.   Wisconsin has shown great potential over the last few years as a notable player in the data center industry. The state holds over 15 GW of power to meet growing energy demands and has committed to adopting renewable energy methods such as wind, solar, and battery storage to meet market requirements. The Badger state holds over 40 data centers across a range of enterprise, hyperscale, and colocation services. Major players have shown increased interest in the state and the expansive land it has to offer, with large stakeholders such as Microsoft, Ark Data Centers, Alliant Energy, and Tierpoint investing in large, hyperscale projects in the market. These opportunities provide benefits not only for the general economy and the job market, but also for landowners across the state.  LandGate is a marketplace that connects property owners of all types who want to sell or lease their land directly to developers seeking land for the development of data centers, while also providing useful property data to owners to help them make informed decisions through this process. Equipped with information about the value of their land, capitalization rates, and much more, LandGate provides landowners in Wisconsin with extensive property data at no cost to help navigate the process of leasing or selling their land for a data center. To learn more about your property's potential suitability for a data center, get a free Property Report on LandGate's map and check out the data center value index score, which will score your property's suitability for a data center on a scale of 0-100: Why is it attractive to lease or sell your land in Wisconsin for data centers?  Wisconsin has generated a considerable amount of revenue over the last year, and the state is experiencing a data center boom . With major players announcing new plans for hyperscale data centers, companies are predicted to generate a projected $271 million in economic revenue per project. With an upcoming business environment, and favorable geographical and climate conditions, Wisconsin is a promising area for year round business, leading to favorable lease agreements between data center developers and landowners. The state has seamless access to major markets across the country and data center projects have taken on infrastructure to ensure efficient logistical and connectivity operations.  While the buildable acreage for data centers in Wisconsin can vary according to project specifications, the typical size range for small facilities can start off with just a few acres while large-scale projects cover an average of 100-150 acres. Larger data centers in Wisconsin can exceed  200 to 300 acres. A medium-sized data center will typically range between 50-90 acres of land, and is the most popular size of property that developers demand in Wisconsin. Along with the financial gain from either leasing or selling their property for data centers, landowners in Wisconsin should be aware of the benefits that developing a data center has on the regional and state economy. Along with being a key site for economic activity, operational costs in the area are much lower in comparison to neighboring states. It is projected that a singular project in Wisconsin will generate around 2000 jobs each in Milwaukee and Eau Claire and north of 1500 in Madison and Green Bay during construction phases. For example, Microsoft’s new $3.3 billion project in Mount Pleasant is projected to create around 2300 jobs in construction, maintenance, and full time positions. With each data center creating hundreds of opportunities, they also ensure long term benefits for property owners.  Additionally, Wisconsin is moving towards advanced technological methodologies and has been fast spaced in data center technology development by incorporating artificial intelligence, machine learning, and edge computing methods within their work spaces to improve overall efficiency and performance. Latency reduction efforts, like reducing data file size for smoother data transmission, have increased with the advancement of technology within data centers.  Moreover, data center projects in Wisconsin are incorporating environmental sustainability methods to increase energy and productive efficiency, making them low-traffic sites with reduced infrastructural strain, which preserves  the nature of rural land. Many companies have included initiatives such as advanced cooling techniques such as liquid cooling of HVAC.Several data centers have shifted towards the use of closed-loop cooling systems to recycle water, and thereby increase efficiency while being mindful of the land’s resources. Companies such as Meta have taken on the initiative to integrate AI measures and zero-waste cultures while redesigning their data centers to ensure operative efficiency and environmental sustainability.  Many data centers have taken on natural disaster and risk mitigation, creating location facilities that are built to withstand damage and have energy efficient ventilation systems, creating a reliable stream of income for property owners that   lease their land for data centers  regardless of the   risk of natural disasters .  Considerations for property owners By leasing or selling property in Wisconsin for the development of data centers, landowners are able to contribute to the infrastructure that keeps the digital world and the economy running smoothly. Property owners of all types, ranging from individuals to corporations and   governments , are not only a critical component in the digital network that supports the technology provided by data centers we need to operate every day, but also a key component to regional and state economic development.  When selling or leasing land in Wisconsin for data centers, landowners should keep the typical size requirements in mind along with several other important considerations. Zoning and regulatory laws will impact the amount of land eligible for development. The property’s proximity to power and fiber optic sources will also affect a property’s suitability for data center development. With Wisconsin being at a locational advantage through serving as a trade hub and port for the country, landowners and data center developers can mutually benefit from the planning and development of data center projects. The Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation overlooks administrative aspects of data center related benefits and incentives and provides exemptions for projects that fulfill certain criteria. Long-term tax benefits allow data center investors to enter into long-term lease agreements with landowners to construct data centers on their property, which provides a secure and consistent source of income for landowners .  What is the process of leasing property in Wisconsin for data centers?  Property owners should understand the essential eight-step process for leasing land for data centers in Wisconsin to navigate the complexities of leasing agreements in the state's competitive market. From initial research and site selection to negotiation tactics and finalizing contracts, each step plays a crucial role in fostering successful partnerships and optimizing the benefits of leasing property for data centers. Step 1: Land Qualification for Data Centers in Wisconsin The first step for landowners in Wisconsin curious about leasing or selling their land for data center development is to understand if their land is suitable for a data center. Factors such as location, buildable acreage, zoning, topography, proximity to energy and utilities, and environmental considerations like flood zones and wetlands all impact a property’s viability for a data center.  Curious if your land in Wisconsin could   qualify for a data center  lease? LandGate provides data center value index scores for every property in the U.S. within our free property reports. On a scale of 0-100, the data center value index score will let you know how suitable your property could be for data center development. Get a free property report by finding your parcel on LandGate’s map: Institutional and   government property owners  in Wisconsin also have the opportunity to lease their properties for data center development to generate revenue and contribute to economic growth. To learn which of your agency’s specific sites are most suitable for data center development, book a free consultation call with the government & corporate team at LandGate below: Step 2: Market Your Property for Lease or for Sale for a Data Center Listing your property in Wisconsin for lease or for sale for the construction of a data center on LandGate’s marketplace is the best way to market and get the most value from your property. By listing on LandGate’s marketplace, you are presenting your property to various competitive companies actively searching for properties in Wisconsin to lease or buy for data center development. If you’re unsure if your property could be suitable for a data center, our team recommends creating a listing anyway- listing is completely free with no obligations to accept any offers, so you never know what kind of offers you may receive. Step 3: Receive Offers to Lease Your Property for a Data Center Once your listing is live on   LandGate’s marketplace , any interested developers will reach out to you directly with offers using the contact information provided when you registered for your LandGate account.  Step 4: Data Center Lease Agreement Negotiation Negotiating the ground lease offer is the first step you will take after receiving an offer. LandGate is unable to provide legal advice or assist with conducting due diligence on any offers that you receive, but we can refer you to a licensed expert that can help. These professionals, such as commercial real estate brokers, attorneys, and engineers, can assist you in ensuring that you are securing a good deal. Always remember that lease agreements are completely negotiable. You can negotiate things like the value of the lease payments, the length of the lease, and the percentage of the escalator. Typically, ground leases for data centers range from 75-99 years, and generally provide escalating base rents, percentage rent arrangements, and outline responsibilities for maintenance and utilities.  Step 5: Data Center Lease Option Period After negotiations, developers need to retrieve data center option agreements. Typically, this follows a check by the developer, ensuring that the land meets their needs and in the case of tax exemptions of subsidiaries, meets all necessary government requirements. It is essential for both parties involved in the agreement to assess possible engineering and land factors, to ensure the feasibility of the project and ensure that it receives all necessary approvals to begin. Oftentimes, data center proposals will be pitched to the county or state government.  Why can’t I get a data center lease agreement directly?   The process of developing any large data center begins with the developer optioning the land, also known as ‘site control,’ typically through a Ground Lease. Once thorough land evaluation has taken place, utility application is necessary. This means that the data center project will need further due diligence to ensure that sites have required proximity to a power source (renewable or a power substation), access to fiber optic cables, and that necessary   easements  are in place.  Where can a landowner get more information about the data center lease?   You can find out if your property could be suitable for a data center by getting a free property report from LandGate. LandGate provides data center value index scores for every property in the U.S., which will evaluate your property on a scale of 0-100, letting you know how suitable your property could be for a data center. Get a free property report by finding your parcel on LandGate’s map: If you have received a lease offer from a data center developer, it's important to conduct your own due diligence and work with a licensed attorney to ensure that the lease agreement is fair and mutually beneficial. Step 6: Data Center Lease Agreement Once site control is confirmed, the project is then moved to a ‘planned’ phase. The option agreement now becomes an official lease agreement, and the landowner begins to receive lease payments from the data center developer. The specific amount of these lease payments depends on what is negotiated in the lease. Step 7: Data Center Construction Lease payments for data centers are phased as projects progress. Typically, the lease payments start as a small amount during the option period and increase during the construction phase of the data center, with payments reaching their peak upon completion of the data center.  Depending on the size of the project, constructing a data center can take anywhere from 18 to 40 months before the data center reaches full operation. Smaller projects will take a substantially less amount of time to complete. Step 8: Active Data Center After construction is completed and the data center is fully operational, the lease enters the ‘production’ phase,  which indicates that the land is now responsible for data storage and transmission through the data center. This period will last throughout the remainder of the lease.