Key Takeaways: Massachusetts is a leading state in solar farm development, hosting over 500 utility-scale solar farms with a combined capacity of more than 2,000 MW. Total solar investment in the state is $11.2 billion, with projections to add another 1,528 MW within the next five years. The Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target (SMART) program, initiated in 2018, has significantly contributed to solar expansion, serving as a model for other states. The SMART program offers incentives over 20-year periods for solar farms exceeding 25 kW AC, with compensation rates decreasing in subsequent blocks. Landowners in Massachusetts have opportunities to lease their land to solar developers, providing a steady income stream and long-term financial stability through solar lease payments. Land leasing for solar farms involves a structured process beginning with a negotiation period, followed by a solar lease option agreement, and eventually a solar lease agreement. Approximately 20% of solar options transition into actual solar leases, with utility infrastructure capacity being a current bottleneck for development. Massachusetts offers various solar incentives including net metering, the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), and the Inflation Reduction Act, which further encourage solar projects. Rising Local Marginal Prices (LMP) have made solar energy an attractive option for electricity generation, enhancing investment in the sector despite increasing electricity costs. Community solar projects make up a significant portion of Massachusetts' solar landscape, with over 600 MW spread across 400 projects as of early 2024. LandGate provides data intelligence and support to landowners for evaluating solar leasing opportunities, helping them make informed decisions about their property’s potential. What Should Landowners Know About Solar Farm Development in Massachusetts? As of April 2024, Massachusetts is a well-established state for solar farm activity and development. The state already has over 500 operating utility-scale solar farms with a combined solar capacity of over 2,000 MW. With total solar investment in the state reaching $11.2 billion as of 2024, the trajectory is poised for substantial expansion. Projections indicate a substantial addition of 1,528 MW over the next five years. The Massachusetts market's dynamics are influenced by net metering and a renewable portfolio standard featuring a solar objective, complemented by an associated SREC market. Initiated in 2018, the Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target (SMART) program has spurred substantial solar expansion within the state, serving as a model for emulation by other states. These initiatives underscore a concerted effort towards diversifying the state's energy portfolio and embracing sustainable solutions.  The number of solar farms in Massachusetts has been increasing exponentially over the past decade. This is a direct result of the implementation of various incentives promoting renewable energy generation across the state. Many solar developers are actively planning new projects across the state. This presents a great opportunity for landowners to earn a steady stream of income from their land through solar lease payments , also known as solar payments.  Landowners in Massachusetts are receiving offers from developers to lease their land for solar farms. They often wonder how much their land is worth for a solar farm and if they are receiving a good offer. Leasing land for solar farms helps landowners provide their future generations with long-term financial stability. Several factors go into solar farm valuations that landowners and realtors should consider.  LandGate is a marketplace that provides data intelligence to landowners while also providing them the opportunity to connect with Massachusetts solar developers. Traditionally, developers would knock on landowners' doors or cold-call them. This old-fashioned way is not easy for landowners. It can be perceived as unwanted solicitation at a time when the landowner is not ready and doesn’t have enough information to feel comfortable talking about a solar farm on their land. LandGate provides useful data to landowners or to their agents to inform them for free about the value of their land for solar farm leasing. Equipped with more information, landowners can make good and fast decisions about pursuing a solar lease. What is the Process for Leasing Land for a Solar Farm in Massachusetts? Step 1: Solar Lease Negotiation Period in Massachusetts The solar lease negotiation process is the first step landowners take when interested in having a solar farm on their property. Land professionals can assist landowners during this period to make sure they are receiving the best deal possible  but also understand the time between signing the lease and having an active solar farm on their land.  During the negotiations, landowners can negotiate solar lease payments, the length of the lease for the solar farm, and the percentage of the escalator to combat inflation. Step 2: Solar Lease Option Agreement in Massachusetts The next step is for the landowner to get a solar farm option agreement. At that point, the solar developer has done a preliminary study, also called a feasibility study, to know if the site is potentially suitable for solar farm development. Why Can’t I Get a Solar Lease Agreement Directly? The process of a solar farm project in Massachusetts begins with optioning the land, which is called “site control” by developers. The reason solar developers cannot go straight to a solar lease is that they have to evaluate the land thoroughly. Typically the initial screening study is good enough that this first due diligence process is all that is needed. Another larger uncertainty for solar developers is to know if the solar project will be accepted by the utility on the electrical infrastructure (or electrical network). We refer to this phase as “utility’s application” in the graph above and developers refer to this phase as “queue submission”. This means that the solar project enters the interconnection queue of that region waiting for regulatory approval.  These queues are known as Independent Systems Operator (ISO) or Regional Transmission Organization (RTO). During this period, the analysis of possible engineering and land factors is conducted to determine the feasibility of the project to be constructed and connected to the grid. This is the reason why the solar developer starts with an option, as not all solar projects are approved by the ISO/RTO. How Likely Will My Massachusetts Solar Option Become a Solar Lease? At the moment, about 20% of solar options become a solar lease and are built into a solar farm. Currently, the electrical infrastructure network is a big bottleneck. There are more applications of solar projects to get on transmission lines than available capacity.  However, governments are aware of this situation and are working to ease it, to foster more solar development. This means that it will likely get resolved in the next few years. The problem of available capacity applies only to utility-scale solar farm projects, which are typically greater than 5 MW capacity.  Where Can a Landowner Get More Information About the Solar Lease / Option Period  in Massachusetts ? LandGate assists landowners with determining the value of their land for a solar farm. We do this by taking into account the proximity of substations, transmission lines, and state incentives - each of which plays a role in site control. Am I Getting Paid During the Solar Option Period? Yes. Solar payments start during the option period but are usually smaller compared to the solar payments during the lease or construction phase of the solar farm. Step 3: Solar Lease Agreement in Massachusetts Once the availability of grid capacity is confirmed, the solar project is moved to a “planned” phase. During this time, the developers will exercise the solar farm option agreement to become a solar farm lease agreement. Typically larger solar rent payments start at this time. Step 4: Solar Farm Construction in Massachusetts Solar payments are phased as the project progresses. It starts with small solar lease payments during the option phase. Then it increases during the solar lease phase, it increases again during the construction phase of the solar farm, and the largest solar payment occurs when the solar farm is active and generating electricity. How Long Does It Take to Build a Solar Farm in  Massachusetts ? Usually, it will take between 1 to 2 years to build a utility-scale solar farm. It takes less time to build a community solar farm since they are usually smaller in size. Step 5: Active Solar Farm in Massachusetts After the construction has been completed, the solar farm is now considered ‘active.’ For landowners, this phase is called ‘production,’ as it signifies that their land is currently producing energy for the electrical grid that it is interconnected with. The production phase lasts anywhere from 25 to 50 years depending on what was negotiated on the lease. What Can a Solar Farm Power In Massachusetts? In Massachusetts, the average solar farm size is 48.9 acres generating approximately 4.6 megawatts (MW) of electricity when operating under optimal conditions. This output has the potential to cater to the energy needs of around 3,674 households as the typical electricity consumption of an average household in Massachusetts stands at 10,968 kilowatt-hours per year. What is the Impact of the IRA and Other Factors in Massachusetts? Massachusetts solar incentives have encouraged solar companies to develop more projects across the state. Additionally, favorable market conditions for electricity prices are encouraging investment into the solar sector in Massachusetts. Landowners and real estate agents should have an understanding of these incentives and market conditions to be prepared for potential offers for solar project deals. Inflation Reduction Act: This bill passed in 2022 and became effective at the beginning of 2023 provides incentives to reduce renewable energy costs for organizations on a business, educational institution, and state level. More specifically, in Massachusetts, solar energy is eligible for a tax credit. Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS): The Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) in Massachusetts, launched in 1997 and expanded in 2008 through the Green Communities Act, sets mandates for renewable energy use. It is divided into Class I and Class II categories, requiring retail electricity suppliers to meet minimum percentages of kilowatt-hour sales from eligible renewable sources. Class I includes solar PV, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal energy, with additional emphasis on in-state solar through programs like the Solar Carve-Out and Solar Carve-Out II. The Class II RPS, established in 2009, mandates a portion of sales from pre-1998 renewable systems, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and waste energy from municipal solid waste combustion. The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources periodically adjusts these standards to drive progress toward renewable energy targets and environmental sustainability. Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target (SMART) Program: This provides ongoing payments to homeowners with solar systems. Eligible customers of Eversource, National Grid, and Unitil can receive a fixed rate per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated, with rates varying based on individual circumstances. These payments last for 10 years, with incentives gradually decreasing over time. Net metering programs : These programs enable homeowners to earn bill credits for surplus electricity fed back into the grid, which can offset future electric bills. However, unlike in some other states, such as Florida, these credits cannot be converted into cash payments. The Residential Energy Credit : This is available to all Massachusetts state taxpayers who install solar panels in their homes, offering a tax credit equivalent to 15% of the total installation cost, capped at $1,000. The increase in LMP pricing has made solar energy an attractive option for electricity generation in Massachusetts. LMP is a pricing method used in electricity markets to determine the cost of electricity at specific locations (called ‘nodes’) within the electrical grid.   A PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) is a contract between a renewable energy developer (such as a solar company) and a power purchaser (such as a utility). Over the last three years, Massachusetts has experienced a slight decrease in PPA pricing by 0.17% and an average LMP price increase of 70.5% (this is expected to further increase by 14.3% in 2024).  In the context of solar energy projects in Massachusetts, the relationship between LMP and PPA pricing lies in how the PPA sets the pricing terms for the electricity being sold. The stable price in the PPA provides certainty to the solar developer about the revenue they will receive for the electricity that they produce. Meanwhile, the LMP serves as the market price for electricity at a specific node. Rising LMP prices have incentivized investment in solar infrastructure statewide given higher demand and thus greater revenues for solar energy producers; rising LMP prices have also increased electricity costs for consumers and businesses, which has slightly slowed the production of renewable energy in the state. As a result, the number of solar projects added to the interconnection queue has decreased, but given the mass expansion of the SMART program and the variety of statewide solar incentives in Massachusetts, this has ensured that solar projects are still on the rise in the state.  Commercial, Community, & Behind-the-Meter Massachusetts Solar Farms  Typically, landowners and land professionals think of solar farms as huge plots of land covered in solar panels out in the middle of nowhere. However, this usually is not the case! In Massachusetts, active solar farms are typically 48.9 acres, allowing about 4.6 MW of electricity to be produced under ideal conditions.  Commercial solar projects  are the commonly largest energy projects being about 40+ acres of land. These solar farms usually feed their energy into the grid to the surrounding area. Realistically these solar farms can be any size as it depends on the capacity available within the grid.  Community solar farms  in Massachusetts serve energy customers directly within the same area or community. These solar farms tend to be smaller in size with acreage and megawatts. Community solar is different from residential solar as residential solar panels are found on top of rooftops. Community solar projects can be larger, it just depends on the location.  Commercial, residential, and industrial solar farms are all considered to be behind-the-meter solar farms. Behind-the-meter means that they are intended to generate power primarily for on-site consumption rather than selling it to the grid. Community solar and utility-scale solar farms generate energy that is utilized in the grid to send it to all consumers a part of that grid. This means that they are front-of-the-meter solar farms.  Massachusetts distinguishes itself in the realm of community solar by integrating incentives within its broader solar mandate instead of having a standalone program. This strategy has propelled the state to one of the highest rates of community solar adoption nationwide, boasting over 600 megawatts (MW) spread across 400 projects as of early 2024, ranking it as the third-largest market in the country. Despite having a total installed solar capacity of 4000 MW, community solar holds a substantial share of Massachusetts' solar energy landscape. The Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target (SMART) Program, initiated in 2018, forms the cornerstone of the state's solar incentive structure. Operating with a declining block model and originally capped at 1600 MW, the program was doubled in 2020 to expedite the post-pandemic recovery of the solar market. SMART provides incentives over 20-year periods for solar farms exceeding 25 kilowatts (kW) AC in 200 MW blocks, with compensation rates decreasing by 4% for each subsequent block up to 16 blocks. Additional incentives, known as adders, cater to various solar development priorities, with the Community Shared Solar adder being the most utilized, indicating a shift towards community-focused initiatives. With ample SMART program capacity available and anticipated federal incentives, Massachusetts is poised for further growth, particularly in low-income community solar projects. Discover Land’s Value For Solar Leasing in Massachusetts The solar energy industries within Massachusetts are growing to achieve energy goals for clean energy development. This makes it easier for landowners and real estate agents to participate in solar development deals. Landowners in Massachusetts can receive a free solar leasing estimate by identifying and claiming ownership of their parcel on our map.  Realtors can assist their clients in learning about their property’s potential for solar energy by using LandGate’s tool, LandApp. Land professionals can utilize LandGate’s data and analytics to provide their clients with information about their resource’s potential.

Key Takeaways: Hybrid solar-wind farms can effectively share the same property, combining solar panels and wind turbines to maximize energy production and land use. These hybrid systems offer continuous energy production, with solar power available during daylight and wind energy generated 24/7. Integration of solar panels and wind turbines is possible through microgrids and hybrid inverters, optimizing energy output. Battery storage plays a critical role by storing excess energy, ensuring a stable supply, and reducing reliance on non-renewable sources. Not all locations are suitable for solar and wind farms; adequate sunlight and wind consistency are key factors in site selection. Hybrid farms require strategic planning to balance infrastructure placement, and they may incur higher initial costs, offset by long-term benefits. Leasing land for renewable projects can offer financial benefits, but property owners must consider land use, visual impact, and ecological effects. Platforms like LandGate facilitate the listing and negotiation process, empowering landowners with better information and control over leasing decisions. There has been a growing focus on the development of renewable energy sources and energy projects. Solar energy and wind energy have emerged as popular options for renewable energy production due to their potential to maximize the use of available space. The question arises: can solar farms and wind farms share the same property? The answer is yes, as there are successful examples of hybrid projects that combine both solar panels and wind turbines to generate energy. One advantage of a hybrid solar-wind farm is the continuous energy production it allows. Solar power is generated during daylight hours, while wind power can be produced 24/7, regardless of weather conditions. This means that a hybrid farm can produce more energy than a traditional solar or wind farm alone. Can You Connect Solar Panels and Wind Turbines? It is possible to connect solar panels and wind turbines in a hybrid system. This involves integrating the two technologies through a single power grid or combining them within the same energy storage system. By doing so, both sources of renewable energy can work together to produce electricity more consistently and efficiently. One method of connecting solar panels and wind turbines is through microgrids. A microgrid is a localized energy system that can operate independently or in conjunction with the main power grid. By connecting solar panels and wind turbines to the same microgrid, excess energy from one source can be used by the other, resulting in a more stable and reliable energy supply. Another way to integrate both technologies is through hybrid inverters. These are devices that convert direct current (DC) electricity from solar panels and wind turbines into alternating current (AC) that can be used by homes and businesses. By combining both sources of DC electricity, hybrid inverters can optimize energy output and improve overall efficiency. It's important to note that connecting solar panels and wind turbines may not always result in the most cost-effective solution. Factors such as location, available resources, and energy demand must be considered to determine the most suitable hybrid system for a specific property. Combining both types of renewable energy sources requires less land for each farm, leaving more space available for agricultural purposes or conservation. However, creating a hybrid solar-wind farm presents challenges. Balancing the placement of solar panels and wind turbines on the same property requires careful planning to ensure maximum efficiency without interference. There may be increased upfront costs due to additional infrastructure and equipment required for a hybrid farm. Nonetheless, the increased energy production and land use efficiency can potentially offset these costs in the long run. The coexistence of solar farms and wind farms not only maximizes land use and energy production but also promotes a sustainable future by reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. With proper planning and design, hybrid solar-wind farms have the potential to play a significant role in meeting our growing energy demands while minimizing environmental impact. The Role of Battery Storage in Hybrid Solar and Wind Energy Systems Battery storage sites  serve as the cornerstone for effectively harnessing the power of both solar and wind farms. By storing excess energy produced during peak times, these storage solutions alleviate one of the major challenges associated with renewable energy sources: inconsistency. For hybrid solar and wind energy systems, batteries make it possible to store solar power harvested during sunny periods and wind energy captured during windy conditions, ensuring a stable and consistent energy supply. Integrating battery storage into solar and wind farms allows for a smoother transition between the natural ebb and flow of these resources. When the sun sets or the wind calms, the energy preserved in batteries can be discharged, maintaining the energy grid's reliability. Furthermore, advancements in battery technology are increasing the efficiency and capacity of these storage systems, amplifying their role as a fundamental link between solar panels, wind turbines, and the end-user. Moreover, with the management of these storage sites through smart grid technology, energy can be strategically released to meet demand, potentially lowering the reliance on peak-time energy production that is often sourced from non-renewable power plants. The strategic dispatch of stored energy can not only balance the grid but can also contribute to a reduction in overall energy costs for the long term. Why Can't Solar Farms and Wind Farms be Used Everywhere? While solar farms and wind farms have many benefits, they may not be suitable for every location. The primary reason is the availability of resources. Solar farms require  a significant amount of sunlight to generate electricity, while wind farms need  consistent winds with adequate speed. Therefore, areas with low levels of sunlight or inconsistent wind patterns may not be ideal for these types of renewable energy sources. Both types of farms require a significant amount of land, which may not be available in densely populated areas. This is why it's important to carefully assess the suitability of a location before constructing a solar or wind farm. Fortunately, with advancements in technology and improved efficiency, we may see more opportunities for renewable energy production in various regions around the world in the future. There may be other limitations such as local regulations or community resistance against the development of solar and wind farms. It's important to consider and address these factors before choosing a site for renewable energy production. Leasing Property for Solar Farms and Wind Farms If you own property and are considering leasing it for renewable energy projects like solar or wind farms, there are important things to think about. One crucial aspect is understanding the pros and cons of leasing agreements with developers. Solar leasing , for example, lets property owners contribute to clean energy while earning extra money. However, they need to consider factors like how the land will be used and the visual impact. Similarly, wind leasing  gives property owners a chance to earn money and support sustainable energy. But they need to think about things like noise and its effects on wildlife. In the past, property owners would get offers from solar and wind energy developers without asking. But now there are platforms like LandGate's online marketplace that make the process easier. Property owners can list their land for free, so developers can see important data for planning and negotiations. This makes property owners more informed and helps them talk openly with developers. Importantly, listing with LandGate doesn't mean you have to say yes to any offers. Property owners have control over their leasing decisions, and the process is fair for everyone involved.

The National Association of Realtors (NAR), a powerful organization that has set the guidelines for home sales for decades, has agreed to settle a series of lawsuits by paying $418 million in damages and by eliminating its rules on commissions. The deal would end a multitude of legal claims from home sellers who argued that the rules forced them to pay excessive fees. This settlement will have far-reaching implications for agents, buyers, sellers, and the real estate industry as a whole. Key Takeaways: Settlement Overview : The National Association of Realtors (NAR) agreed to a $418 million settlement to resolve lawsuits alleging inflated commission practices, impacting agents, buyers, sellers, and the real estate industry. Legal Background : A federal jury found NAR guilty of antitrust violations, leading to a $1.8 billion damages ruling. The settlement avoids further appeals and reduces potential damages. Industry Impact : The settlement prohibits NAR from setting commission rules, potentially lowering agent commissions and affecting how agents, buyers, and sellers interact. Agent and Buyer Changes : Buyers may now need to pay their agents directly, possibly reducing agent involvement in transactions and affecting home prices. MLS Adjustments : The settlement mandates the removal of broker compensation fields from Multiple Listing Services (MLS), aiming for increased market transparency. Future Implications : The settlement is expected to benefit home buyers and sellers by promoting fairer practices and potentially lowering costs. What is NAR? NAR  (National Association of Realtors) is a professional organization with more than 1.5 million members who work in residential and commercial real estate. NAR was established to enhance the real estate profession and encourage professional conduct among its members. It upholds a code of ethics, requiring adherence from all members. What is the NAR Settlement? In October, a federal jury ruled  that the National Association of Realtors had conspired to artificially inflate commissions and ordered the group to pay damages of $1.8 billion. The verdict emerged from an anti-trust lawsuit filed in 2019 by Missouri home sellers. They challenged the widespread industry practice where sellers are required to pay the commissions for both the seller's and buyer's agents. This practice and others have led to a national commission rate of 5 to 6 percent, significantly higher than in many other countries, arguing that it breached anti-trust laws. The lawsuit, which involved allegations of antitrust violations, positioned plaintiffs to potentially receive triple damages amounting to as much as $5.4 billion. In a strategic move, the association relinquished its right to appeal in exchange for a reduction in damages. This verdict has had a profound impact on the real estate industry, sparking over a dozen similar lawsuits nationwide, including a significant class-action case that implicates the nation's largest brokerage, owned by Warren E. Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway. Unlike Berkshire Hathaway, which has yet to settle, other major firms such as Keller Williams and Re/Max have reached settlements in separate cases. Under the settlement, tens of millions of home sellers may be eligible to receive a small piece of a consolidated class-action payout. How Will the NAR Settlement Impact NAR? The agreement introduces several critical regulatory changes. It prohibits the National Association of Realtors (N.A.R.) from implementing rules that would enable a seller's agent to determine the compensation for a buyer's agent. This practice has been criticized for leading to "steering," where buyers' agents push their clients towards more expensive homes to earn larger commissions. N.A.R. has consistently maintained that it does not own multiple listing sites, yet the vast majority are owned and operated by local Realtor associations, which function as N.A.R. subsidiaries. However, with the settlement now decoupling agent compensation from M.L.S. access, numerous agents are poised to reassess their association membership. How Will the NAR Settlement Impact Agents, Sellers, and Buyers? The lawsuits argued that N.A.R., and brokerages who required their agents to be members of N.A.R., had violated antitrust laws by mandating that the seller’s agent make an offer of payment to the buyer’s agent, and setting rules that led to an industry-wide standard commission. Without that rate essentially guaranteed, agents will now most likely have to lower their commissions as they compete for business. For buyers, there's hope that lowered commission fees, which are traditionally factored into home prices, might lead to a decrease in home prices. Furthermore, with buyers now responsible for compensating their own agents, many may choose to bypass agents entirely or opt for limited services, such as assistance with drafting offers and contracts, while managing home searches, inspections, and other aspects of the purchasing process independently. The merits of this shift are up for debate. While platforms like Zillow and Redfin have simplified the home search process, brokers maintain that buyers benefit from professional representation. However, with the onus on buyers to pay agents directly, there's concern that many will forego representation, potentially to their disadvantage. Additionally, on the Multiple Listing Services (M.L.S.)— the online platforms for buying and selling homes— the agreement mandates the complete removal of any fields that display broker compensation. This will also enforce a comprehensive ban on the longstanding requirement for agents to join multiple listing services to offer or accept payment for their services, aiming to make the real estate market more transparent and fair The reset button on the sale of homes was hit today,”  said Michael Ketchmark, the Kansas City lawyer who represented the home sellers in the main lawsuit. “Anyone who owns a home or dreams of owning one will benefit tremendously from this settlement.” Interested in buying property or land? Check out LandGate’s free marketplace for exclusive listings embedded with LandGate’s proprietary property data and estimates. Filter by location, size, price, property type, and more:

Earthquakes, seismic events that can both awe and terrify, are more than just a geologic phenomenon; they are a practical concern for property owners, landholders, and real estate agents across the United States. The rate at which these tremors occur and the geological areas they affect play a significant role in real estate, insurance, and, most importantly, public safety.  Small earthquakes, often imperceptible to humans, occur much more frequently than their larger counterparts and are generally of magnitudes less than 3.0. These tremors, while numerous, typically result in minimal to no damage.  Large earthquakes, on the other hand, with magnitudes exceeding 5.0, occur less frequently but have the potential to cause significant destruction, leading to loss of life and substantial damage to infrastructure. The energy released during a large earthquake can be thousands of times greater than that of a small one, illustrating the immense power these natural events can unleash. Key Takeaways: Frequency and Impact : Small earthquakes occur frequently but cause minimal damage, while larger ones are less common but can be highly destructive. Geographical Distribution : The West Coast, especially California, Oregon, and Washington, is highly active due to the Ring of Fire. The central U.S. has seen increased activity due to human activities. Real Estate Implications : Earthquakes affect property values, insurance rates, and real estate transactions, especially in high-risk zones. Safety and Preparedness : Emphasizes the importance of earthquake preparedness, including building codes, early warning systems, and public education. Technological Tools : Tools like LandApp provide risk data to help property owners and real estate professionals make informed decisions. The Rhythms of the Earth: U.S. Earthquake Occurrences When and where do earthquakes occur in the United States? The answer isn't as straightforward as pinpointing a specific event. Earthquakes are tied to tectonic plate movements, and the U.S. sits on several such plates, which are always in motion but can also become 'stuck', causing stress to build up and leading to an eventual release in the form of an earthquake. Understanding Different Regions The Pacific Northwest and California come to mind first, but the U.S. also experiences tremors along the eastern seaboard and in the central United States. The West Coast, particularly the coastal region along California, Oregon, and Washington, is part of the active Ring of Fire, where several tectonic plates meet, and about 90% of the world's earthquakes occur. The eastern states, while less seismically active, have a different geological setting where ancient faults occasionally reawaken. What Triggers Quakes? The seismic activity is heavily influenced by the presence of these fault lines, and the stresses that build up at their boundaries are ultimately responsible for the quakes. The San Andreas Fault is an infamous example, where the Pacific and North American plates are moving in opposite directions, creating a tectonic boundary ripe for seismic activity. Earthquake Hazards & Tips for Safety Earthquakes pose several hazards to communities, from the immediate risk to human life to the long-term economic and environmental impacts . Ground shaking, the primary effect of an earthquake, can cause buildings, bridges, and other structures to collapse, leading to potential injury or loss of life. Secondary effects such as landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction—where saturated soil loses its solidity—further contribute to the devastation.  Gas line ruptures can spark fires, and dam failures may lead to catastrophic flooding. To prepare for these hazards, seismological data is disseminated through various channels. This earthquake information includes earthquake early warning systems that alert communities of imminent seismic activity, seismic building codes designed to enhance the integrity and resilience of new structures, and educational programs that emphasize preparedness, such as ‘Drop, Cover, and Hold On’ drills.  By leveraging earthquake maps showing fault locations and past seismic activity, planners and emergency services can devise more effective response strategies. Furthermore, seismologists use this data to forecast long-term probabilities of significant quakes, aiding in regional planning and insurance assessments. Earthquake Economics Real estate is all about location, location, location, and this mantra is especially true when it comes to earthquakes. The occurrence of earthquakes can significantly affect property values , insurance rates, and even the legality of a real estate deal. How it Impacts Property Values Properties located in high-risk earthquake zones, such as those around known fault lines, often face decreased value. This is not only due to the potential for damage but also the higher insurance premiums that come with quake-prone areas. Insurance and Mitigation Earthquake insurance is a specialized policy that can be costly but indispensable in the event of a major quake. For property owners and real estate agents, awareness of insurance options and the need for mitigation can be a significant factor in decision-making. This includes retrofitting buildings to make them more resilient to tremors, a process that can be expensive but is often worthwhile. Real Estate Transactions Earthquakes can complicate real estate transactions, particularly when it comes to the legal disclosure of potential risks . Sellers must disclose known defects, and this includes any earthquake-related issues that may have affected the property. Failing to do so can lead to legal repercussions, emphasizing the critical role of due diligence in real estate, especially in seismically active regions. Tectonic Topography: The U.S. States Most Shaken Earthquakes are not distributed uniformly across the country. Certain states bear the brunt of seismic activity and, with it, significant societal and economic impacts. The Western Rim and the Alaskan Frontier States along the Ring of Fire, including California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska, are the most seismically active regions in the U.S. Here, the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes are notably higher, necessitating unique building codes and safety regulations to protect infrastructure and inhabitants. Southern California vs. San Francisco Earthquake Dynamics The seismic activity in Southern California, particularly in the Los Angeles area, is primarily affected by the interaction between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate along the San Andreas Fault system. California earthquakes tend to occur relatively frequently but with a diverse range of magnitudes.  Los Angeles, due to its proximity to this fault system and dense urban development, is particularly vulnerable to the disruptive impacts of earthquakes. The 1994 Northridge earthquake serves as a pertinent example of the potential for massive infrastructure damage and loss of life within this populous region. In contrast, San Francisco's seismic landscape is shaped by its location near the complex intersection of the San Andreas and Hayward Faults. Noteworthy for its catastrophic history with earthquakes, such as the devastating event of 1906, San Francisco faces significant risk due to its geological setting and urban density.  While both regions share the threat of large earthquakes, San Francisco's proximity to these critical fault lines may offer a slightly higher risk of experiencing major earthquakes that can have profound urban and economic consequences. Central Quakelands The central United States, while historically less seismically active, has seen an uptick in earthquake occurrences in recent decades. This surge has been attributed to human activities—specifically, the injection of wastewater from oil and gas production which can trigger seismic activity—emphasizing that even seemingly stable regions can be impacted by man-made activity. Adjusting to the Rhythms of the Earth States with a high frequency of earthquakes have developed unique building practices to mitigate damage. Techniques like base isolators, which allow a building to move freely during a quake, or flexible wood frames in construction, are particularly prevalent in these regions. Understanding and adopting these practices are crucial for maintaining quality and safety in real estate markets. Navigating Through the Quakes The impact of earthquake frequency on the U.S. is multi-faceted. For real estate professionals and property owners, understanding the tectonic landscape is as much a part of the job as knowing local market trends. The financial and legal implications are clear, but more importantly, it's about ensuring the safety and security of communities across the country. Navigating Preparedness and Awareness Knowledge is the first line of defense when it comes to earthquakes. Real estate agents must be prepared to guide their clients through the particulars of earthquake-prone properties—from insurance options to mitigation strategies. More broadly, raising public awareness and preparedness is a collective responsibility that can make a difference in the face of natural disasters. For real estate agents and property owners, the message is clear: incorporate earthquake knowledge into your decision-making process. Stay informed about local geological surveys and take advantage of the resources available through state and federal agencies. LandGate’s tool LandApp shares this unique risk data with subscribers for parcels across the country!  COMING SOON: Environmental Risk Report will be available in LandApp for any U.S. property. Subscribe to LandApp for just $10 per month below:

Key Takeaways: Ohio is a leading state in solar farm development, with exponential growth due to renewable energy incentives. Landowners have significant opportunities to earn income through solar lease payments, contributing to long-term financial stability. The leasing process involves several steps: negotiation, option agreement, lease agreement, and construction, culminating in an active solar farm. Solar lease negotiations cover payment terms, lease length, and inflation adjustments, ensuring favorable deals for landowners. Only about 20% of initial solar options transition into leases, mainly due to grid capacity limitations, which governments are addressing. LandGate provides crucial data and connects landowners with developers, simplifying the leasing process and helping landowners assess their land’s value for solar development. Ohio offers incentives like the Inflation Reduction Act and Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) to encourage solar energy projects. The average solar farm in Ohio spans 48 acres, potentially powering around 1,100 homes. Current market conditions, such as increasing Local Marginal Pricing (LMP) and Power Purchase Agreements (PPA), favor solar energy investments. Landowners can explore their land’s solar leasing potential through free reports and data analytics provided by LandGate. What Should Landowners Know About Solar Farm Development in Ohio? As of September 2023, Ohio is one of the most active states for solar farm activity and development. The number of solar farms in Ohio has been increasing exponentially over the past decade. This is a direct result of the implementation of various incentives promoting renewable energy generation across the state. Many solar developers are actively planning new projects across the state. This presents a great opportunity for landowners to earn a steady stream of income from their land through solar lease payments , also known as solar payments. Landowners in Ohio are receiving offers from developers to lease their land for solar farms. They often wonder how much their land is worth for a solar farm and if they are receiving a good offer. Leasing land for solar farms helps landowners provide their future generations with long-term financial stability. Several factors go into solar farm valuations that landowners and realtors should consider. LandGate is a marketplace that provides data intelligence to landowners while also providing them the opportunity to connect with Ohio solar developers. Traditionally, developers would knock on landowners' doors or cold-call them. This old-fashioned way is not easy for landowners. It can be perceived as unwanted solicitation at a time when the landowner is not ready and doesn’t have enough information to feel comfortable talking about a solar farm on their land. LandGate provides useful data to landowners or to their agents to inform them for free about the value of their land for solar farm leasing. Equipped with more information, landowners can make good and fast decisions about pursuing a solar lease. What is the Process for Leasing Land for a Solar Farm in Ohio? Step 1: Solar Lease Negotiation Period in Ohio The solar lease negotiation process is the first step landowners take when interested in having a solar farm on their property. Land professionals can assist landowners during this period to make sure they are receiving the best deal possible but also understand the time period between signing the lease and having an active solar farm on their land. During the negotiations, landowners can negotiate solar lease payments, the length of the lease for the solar farm, and the percentage of the escalator to combat inflation. Step 2: Solar Lease Option Agreement in Ohio The next step is for the landowner to get a solar farm option agreement. At that point, the solar developer has done a preliminary study, also called a feasibility study, to know if the site is potentially suitable for solar farm development. Why Can’t I Get a Solar Lease Agreement Directly? The process of a solar farm project in Ohio begins with optioning the land, which is called “site control” by developers. The reason solar developers cannot go straight to a solar lease is that they have to evaluate the land thoroughly. Typically the initial screening study is good enough that this first due diligence process is all that is needed. Another larger uncertainty for solar developers is to know if the solar project will be accepted by the utility on the electrical infrastructure (or electrical network). We refer to this phase as “utility’s application” in the graph above and developers refer to this phase as “queue submission”. This means that the solar project enters the interconnection queue of that region waiting for regulatory approval. These queues are known as Independent Systems Operator (ISO) or Regional Transmission Organization (RTO). During this period, the analysis of possible engineering and land factors is conducted to determine the feasibility of the project to be constructed and connected to the grid. This is the reason why the solar developer starts with an option, as not all solar projects are approved by the ISO/RTO. How Likely Will My Ohio Solar Option Become a Solar Lease? At the moment, about 20% of solar options become a solar lease and are built into a solar farm. Currently, the electrical infrastructure network is a big bottleneck. There are more applications of solar projects to get on transmission lines than available capacity. However, governments are aware of this situation and are working to ease it, in order to foster more solar development. This means that it will likely get resolved in the next few years. The problem of available capacity applies only to utility-scale solar farm projects, which are typically greater than 5MW capacity. Where Can a Landowner Get More Information About the Solar Lease / Option Period in Ohio? LandGate assists landowners with determining the value of their land for a solar farm. We do this by taking into account the proximity of substations, transmission lines, and state incentives - each of which plays a role in site control. Am I Getting Paid During the Solar Option Period? Yes. Solar payments start during the option period but are usually smaller compared to the solar payments during the lease or construction phase of the solar farm. Step 3: Solar Lease Agreement in Ohio Once the availability of grid capacity is confirmed, the solar project is moved to a “planned” phase. During this time, the developers will exercise the solar farm option agreement to become a solar farm lease agreement. Typically larger solar rent payments start at this time. Step 4: Solar Farm Construction in Ohio Solar payments are phased as the project progresses. It starts with small solar lease payments during the option phase. Then it increases during the solar lease phase, it increases again during the construction phase of the solar farm, and the largest solar payment occurs when the solar farm is active and generating electricity. How Long Does It Take to Build a Solar Farm in Ohio? Usually, it will take between 1 to 2 years to build a utility-scale solar farm. It takes less time to build a community solar farm since they are usually smaller in size. Step 5: Active Solar Farm in Ohio After the construction has been completed, the solar farm is now considered ‘active.’ For landowners, this phase is called ‘production,’ as it signifies that their land is currently producing energy for the electrical grid that it is interconnected with. The production phase lasts anywhere from 25 to 50 years depending on what was negotiated on the lease. What Can a Solar Farm Power In Ohio? In Ohio, the average solar farm size is 48 acres generating approximately 13.5 megawatts (MW) of electricity when operating under optimal conditions. This output has the potential to cater to the energy needs of around 1100 households as the typical electricity consumption of an average household in Ohio stands at 15,816 kilowatt-hours per year. What is the Impact of the IRA and Other Factors in Ohio? Ohio solar incentives have encouraged solar companies to develop more projects across the state. Additionally, favorable market conditions for electricity prices are encouraging investment into the solar sector in Ohio. Landowners and real estate agents should have an understanding of these incentives and market conditions to be prepared for potential offers for solar project deals. Inflation Reduction Act: This bill passed in 2022 and became effective at the beginning of 2023 provides incentives to reduce renewable energy costs for organizations on a business, educational institution, and state level. More specifically, in Ohio, solar energy is eligible for a tax credit. Public Utilities Commission of Ohio: Public Utilities Commission of Ohio organizes and administers incentive programs to promote renewable energy and zero-carbon energy generation across Ohio. They are requiring large electric utility companies to source a minimum of 8.5% of their electricity from renewable sources by 2026. However, in 2021, only 4% of the electricity generated came from renewable sources. This was short of their 6% goal. Since coming up short of this goal, Ohio is providing Renewable Energy Credits (RECs). RECs are certificates that are created when a renewable energy-generating facility produces electricity. RECs may be sold to the utility for meeting the state’s Renewable Portfolio Standards. Ohio Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs): SRECs in Ohio are financial incentives for solar energy system owners. They can be sold to electric utilities that need to meet their renewable energy targets, which provides additional revenue for solar projects. The increase in LMP pricing has made solar energy an attractive option for electricity generation in Ohio. LMP is a pricing method used in electricity markets to determine the cost of electricity at specific locations (called ‘nodes’) within the electrical grid. A PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) is a contract between a renewable energy developer (such as a solar company) and a power purchaser (such as a utility). Over the last three years, Ohio has only experienced a 5.1% increase in PPA pricing and an average price LMP price increase of 52.2% (this is expected to increase by an additional 3.8% in 2024). In the context of solar energy projects in Ohio, the relationship between LMP and PPA pricing lies in how the PPA sets the pricing terms for the electricity being sold. The fixed price in the PPA provides certainty to the solar developer about the revenue they will receive for the electricity that they produce. Meanwhile, the LMP serves as the market price for electricity at a specific node. When the LMP at a particular node in the grid is higher than the contract price specified in the PPA, it benefits the solar company, as they will receive the contract price and sell the electricity at a higher market price (increasing their revenues). This combination has aided in the rise of solar projects in Ohio. Commercial, Community, & Behind-the-Meter Ohio Solar Farms Typically, landowners and land professionals think of solar farms as huge plots of land covered in solar panels out in the middle of nowhere. However, this usually is not the case! In Ohio, solar farms typically have 48 acres, allowing about 13.5 MW of electricity to be produced under ideal conditions. Commercial solar projects are the commonly largest energy projects being about 40+ acres of land. These solar farms usually feed their energy into the grid to the surrounding area. Realistically these solar farms can be any size as it depends on the capacity available within the grid. Community solar farms in Ohio serve energy customers directly within the same area or community. These solar farms tend to be smaller in size regarding acreage and megawatts. Community solar is different from residential solar as residential solar panels are found on top of rooftops. Community solar projects can be larger, it just depends on the location. Commercial, residential, and industrial solar farms are all considered to be behind-the-meter solar farms. Behind-the-meter means that they are intended to generate power primarily for on-site consumption rather than selling it to the grid. Community solar and utility-scale solar farms generate energy that is utilized in the grid to send it to all consumers a part of that grid. This means that they are front-of-the-meter solar farms. Discover Land’s Value For Solar Leasing in Ohio The solar energy industries within Ohio are growing to achieve energy goals for clean energy development. This makes it easier for landowners and real estate agents to participate in solar development deals. Landowners in Ohio can receive a free solar leasing estimate by identifying and claiming ownership of their parcel on our map. Realtors can assist their clients in learning about their property’s potential for solar energy by using LandGate. Land professionals can utilize LandGate’s data and analytics to provide their clients with information about their resource’s potential.

Investing in land and property is a significant decision that requires careful planning and strategy. Indiana, known for its diverse landscapes and thriving communities, presents a variety of opportunities for prospective buyers. This comprehensive guide is designed to provide tips for navigating the intricacies of purchasing and investing in different types of land and property across Indiana. Whether you are considering farmland, residential lots, commercial properties, or recreational land, this guide offers valuable tips and insights to help you make informed and strategic buying decisions.  How to Buy and Invest in Land and Property in Indiana  Before purchasing land in Indiana, conducting thorough due diligence is crucial to ensure a sound investment. Different types of properties, such as farmland, residential, commercial, or recreational land, require specific considerations that can profoundly affect their value and suitability for your investment goals.  Tips for Buying Agricultural Property in Indiana According to the Indiana Department of Agriculture , Indiana is the ninth largest agricultural producer in the country, with agriculture contributing an estimated $35.1 billion to Indiana’s economy. Purchasing agricultural and farmland in Indiana can be a profitable investment!  When considering the purchase of agricultural land  in Indiana, it's essential to conduct thorough research and understand the local market dynamics. Start by identifying the type of agricultural land that suits your needs, whether it be for crops, livestock, or other agricultural purposes. Investigate the soil quality, water availability, and access to infrastructure, as these factors can significantly affect the land's productivity. It's also crucial to familiarize yourself with state regulations, zoning laws, and any incentives or tax benefits available for agricultural activities. Consulting with local experts such as real estate agents specializing in agricultural properties or agricultural extension officers can provide valuable insights and guidance throughout the process. LandGate’s free marketplace contains hundreds of agricultural properties listed for sale in Indiana. Each listing is enhanced with soil data, zoning information, and more, allowing you to evaluate potential properties at a glance.  Tips for Buying Ranches in Indiana When purchasing ranches in Indiana, several considerations come into play to ensure a successful investment. Start by determining the primary purpose of the ranch, whether it’s for cattle raising, equestrian activities, or a recreational retreat. Each purpose comes with different requirements for land size, facilities, and access to resources such as water and feed. Evaluate the infrastructure in place, such as barns, fencing, and grazing areas, to determine what improvements might be necessary. Location is also key; proximity to markets and suppliers can greatly reduce operational costs. Additionally, understanding local wildlife patterns may be relevant if conservation or hunting are part of the property's intended use. As with agricultural property, reviewing zoning laws and environmental restrictions is imperative. Enlisting the assistance of a real estate professional with expertise in Indiana ranch properties can be an asset in navigating these complexities. There are many reasons to invest in ranches ! Prospective ranch owners in Indiana should carefully evaluate these factors to ensure that the purchase aligns with their long-term investment goals. You can explore ranches for sale in Indiana on LandGate’s marketplace for free: Tips for Buying Hunting Properties in Indiana Investing in hunting property in Indiana offers a chance to own land perfect for wildlife enthusiasts and hunters. Purchasing hunting properties in Indiana requires careful consideration of several factors to make the investment worthwhile. One of the first steps is to assess the habitat quality, which includes evaluating the availability of food and water sources that support wildlife. The diversity and density of game species present on the land are crucial factors to investigate, as they directly impact hunting potential. Access to the property must also be considered; secure, convenient entry points are essential for both hunters and equipment.  Additionally, understanding the hunting regulations specific to Indiana and the property’s county is essential to ensure compliance with local laws. Acquiring a property with a mixture of terrains, such as forests, fields, and water bodies, can provide varied habitats that attract different types of wildlife, enhancing hunting opportunities. Lastly, collaborating with a real estate agent who has experience in buying and selling hunting properties can be invaluable, as they can offer specialized knowledge and help identify areas with strong game populations. Tips for Buying Commercial Property in Indiana When buying commercial property in Indiana, it's important to approach the process with a clear understanding of your business goals and the implications of the property choice on your operations. First, consider the type of commercial property  you’d like to invest in. Evaluating the property's location is critical, as proximity to major transportation routes, customer bases, and supply chains can heavily influence business success. Additionally, it's essential to assess the current condition of the property and determine any necessary renovations or upgrades that will be needed to serve your purposes.  Conducting due diligence when purchasing commercial properties in Indiana is crucial for ensuring a successful investment. Factors that are often overlooked when conducting commercial property due diligence include evaluating environmental and contamination risks . LandApp allows commercial property owners to conduct risk due diligence at a glance for various factors with our risk index scores: Consider the zoning regulations and any city or state incentives that might be available for commercial enterprises. Financial due diligence is crucial, so review the property's market value, potential for rental income, and overall investment return. Engaging with a commercial real estate agent in Indiana can provide valuable insights into the local market trends and assist in negotiating terms that benefit your long-term business objectives. Tips for Buying Undeveloped Land in Indiana Investing in undeveloped land in Indiana offers opportunities in agriculture, ranching , and residential or commercial development. However, even though there is great potential for undeveloped land , buying raw land requires different considerations than properties with existing structures. Begin by identifying the reasons for acquiring the land, whether it's for future residential development, agricultural use, or simply as an investment. Analyze the land's topography , soil quality, and water resources, as these aspects are critical for any intended future development. It's also important to research zoning laws and potential restrictions that may affect land use, ensuring your vision aligns with local regulations. Proximity to utilities such as electricity, water, and sewage is another crucial factor, as these services can impact development costs. Additionally, investigate any future development plans in the area, which can influence land value and usability. Securing the guidance of a land consultant or real estate agent familiar with Indiana's undeveloped land market can provide valuable insights into making a wise investment decision. Tips for Buying Mining Properties in Indiana According to the   United States Geological Survey (USGS) , Indiana is a major producer of construction sand and gravel, crushed stone (limestone), dimension stone, and portland cement. The state produces ball clay, common clay, gemstones, gypsum, industrial sand and gravel, lime, masonry cement, and peat. When considering the purchase of mining properties in Indiana, it is essential to conduct thorough research and due diligence to navigate the complexities involved effectively. Start by determining the specific type of minerals or resources present on the property to ensure they align with your investment goals. A comprehensive geological survey can provide valuable insights into the potential yield and viability of mining operations. Environmental considerations should not be overlooked; understanding local environmental regulations and assessing any potential impact on natural habitats is crucial for compliance and sustainable operations. Accessibility to the site is another key factor, as proper infrastructure is necessary to support transportation and logistics. Secure water rights and ensure adequate access to utilities that support mining processes. Collaborating with geologists, mining engineers, and experienced real estate professionals can significantly aid in identifying promising opportunities and making informed decisions. Finally, it's important to stay informed about market trends and legal considerations specific to mining in Indiana, ensuring your investment is both profitable and responsible. Tips for Buying Renewable Energy Properties in Indiana Indiana's push towards renewable energy and sustainability opens up significant opportunities for property owners interested in leasing their land for renewable energy. In fact, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration , renewable resources account for about 5,100 megawatts of Indiana's electricity generating capacity, which is almost one-fifth of the state's total. 1) Investing in Land for Solar Farm Development in Indiana Solar leasing involves renting out land for solar energy production, a venture that not only supports environmental initiatives but can also provide a steady income stream for landowners. Several factors influence the viability and profitability of solar leasing in Indiana: Look for properties with adequate acreage, access to plentiful sunlight ( solar irradiance ), and close proximity to utilities and electrical infrastructure. Take into account any potential obstacles or hazards, such as zoning restrictions, environmental considerations, and exclusion zones  for renewable energy development. For example, conservation properties cannot be used for the installation of solar panels. Investing in a property suitable for   solar energy  production in Indiana can provide both financial and environmental benefits. Carefully consider all factors and consider working with a real estate professional that is familiar with renewable energy to ensure a successful purchase that attracts solar developers. 2) Investing in Land for Wind Farm Development in Indiana Investing in properties in Indiana suitable for wind farms presents property owners with the opportunity to earn long-term, consistent income from the property in the form of wind lease payments.  As of March of 2024, Indiana had a total of 2,743 MW of wind power capacity installed, ranking it 12th among all U.S. states. When exploring wind leasing opportunities in Indiana, it's important to understand factors impacting the effectiveness and profitability of these ventures:  Location is key; areas with strong wind speeds maximize electricity generation potential. The land's size and layout affect turbine placement and energy output. Access to power transmission lines is crucial for efficient electricity transfer to the grid. Understanding the contractual and financial terms of the wind lease agreement is also important. Duration, royalty rates, and land maintenance responsibilities must be clearly outlined. Landowners should conduct thorough due diligence for wind lease agreements  to assess a developer's track record and financial stability to ensure a reputable partnership. 3) Investing in Land for Carbon Credits Another emerging trend in property investment is purchasing land to generate   carbon credits . Here are some things to consider when purchasing land for carbon credits in Indiana: Prospective property owners in Indiana interested in carbon credits can consider various carbon credit opportunities, including   reforestation and afforestatio n.  Ranches and farms in Idaho can also qualify for carbon credits through regenerative agriculture  and similar practices that improve the soil health on the property. Larger properties with hundreds of acres tend to be the most suitable for carbon credits. Land for Sale in Indiana Whether you're looking for a hunting property,   rural property , undeveloped land, timberland , or properties suitable for renewable energy in Indiana, there are plenty of property investment opportunities available. With proper research and guidance, investing in property in Indiana can be a valuable and rewarding venture. Interested in buying land or property in Indiana? LandGate’s marketplace contains thousands of listings for properties available for sale in Indiana. Accessing listings on LandGate’s marketplace is completely free: To perform due diligence for properties in Indiana that you are interested in buying, consider checking out   LandApp ! LandApp provides sale & lease (solar, wind, carbon, land) estimates for every property in Idaho along with ownership information, environmental risk indexes, value and risk indexes, historical sales data, and more to help you ensure that you’re getting the best deal:

Expanding your property’s utility beyond the traditional residential or agricultural use can be an attractive proposition for many landowners. For those who are blessed with spacious grounds, the thought of leasing it out for equestrian boarding can be both lucrative and personally fulfilling. If you’ve been toying with the idea of turning your acreage into a haven for horses and their owners, this detailed guide will help you saddle up for the equestrian boarding market. Key Takeaways: Equestrian boarding offers landowners an additional income stream by leasing their property to horse owners. Boarding arrangements can range from full-service care to self-care options, with variations like pasture and stall boarding. Essential facilities include quality fencing, stables or shelter, access to water and feed, exercise areas, and a veterinary care plan. Benefits for property owners include consistent income, property maintenance through tenant presence, and potential tax advantages. Setting competitive boarding rates requires market research and balancing service levels with upkeep costs. Marketing to attract tenants can involve local advertising, online platforms, and leveraging social media. Legal considerations include drafting clear contracts and understanding liability and insurance implications. Regular property maintenance and safety checks are vital to ensure a safe environment for horses. Listing properties on platforms like LandGate can increase visibility to potential tenants without the obligation to accept offers. Understanding Equestrian Boarding Equestrian boarding is essentially a rental arrangement between a horse owner and a property owner. The property owner offers space for the horse to reside in return for a fee. This service is vital for many horse owners who lack the resources or time to look after their animals personally. Equestrian boarding can vary from full-service, where all care needs are met by the property, to self-care, which resembles a basic rental space arrangement. What Horseboarding Entails Horseboarding can vary greatly in what it includes. At the most basic level, it provides a stable, paddocks, and care for the horse. More extended packages might include riding lessons, access to trails, and other perks. Some boarders may also opt for additional services, such as grooming, daily exercises, or remedial care for injured or aging horses. Types of Boarding Arrangements Potentially, there are many structures boarding can take. Pasture boarding means the horse lives outside in a field with shelter, saving on hay expenses and mimicking the natural habits of horses. Stall or barn boarding, which can be full-service or self-care, provides individual living quarters and is more common in urban or suburban settings where land may be limited. Facilities Required Having the right facilities is critical for property owners looking to lease for horse boarding. This includes safe fencing, access to potable water, ample shelter from the elements, a source of high-quality forage, and proper manure management to protect the land and waterways. Making sure your property is prepared  to care for horses is very important! Equestrian Boarding Benefits for Property Owners Horseboarding leases can range in length, typically from month-to-month agreements to annual contracts. Some property owners prefer the flexibility of a short-term lease, allowing for easier terms and pricing adjustments over time.  However, long-term leases can provide stability and consistent income, which may be more appealing for those relying on the boarding as a significant revenue source. The choice of lease duration often reflects the property owner's business strategy and the demand for boarding in the area. Leasing your property for equestrian use can come with a suite of benefits, both tangible and intangible. Additional Income Stream: One of the most apparent benefits is the added income. Boarding fees can vary widely based on location, services offered, and the type of boarding arrangement. This new revenue stream can be particularly advantageous for those with underutilized land or for individuals looking to offset the maintenance costs of their property. Property Maintenance Considerations: Integrating equestrian boarding also provides an on-site caretaker for your property. Horses, by their nature, need daily care and attention, so the presence of boarders can translate to vigilant oversight and the routine upkeep of your land and stables. Liability and Insurance Aspects: While boarding horses can carry some risk — namely, the health and safety of the horses — it can often be mitigated by careful selection of tenants and the insertion of protective language in your leasing contracts. It’s important to consult with a legal professional to ensure you are adequately protected and to understand how boarding may affect your homeowner’s insurance. Boarding fees for horses can vary greatly based on location, facility quality, and services provided. Monthly costs range from $150 to $250 for basic pasture boarding to $400 to $800+ for full-service boarding with training and grooming. Pricing should align with upkeep expenses, market demand, and property value. Research local rates to set competitive and fair prices. Attracting Equestrian Tenants To succeed in equestrian boarding, you must not only have the right facility but also attract the right tenants.   Just as with any rental property, marketing is key. Consider advertising in local equestrian circles, at feed or tack stores, and through online platforms geared toward horse enthusiasts. Social media can be a powerful tool for connecting with potential boarders and showcasing your property. Determining the right boarding rates can be a delicate balance. You’ll need to consider the level of service you offer, the local market, and what your competition is charging. Be prepared to adjust prices as needed to remain competitive and attractive to potential tenants. It’s not enough to rely on a handshake in the horse-boarding world. Clear, written contracts that outline services, liability, and expectations are a must. Working with an attorney experienced in equestrian law can help you create agreements that protect your interests and your equine guests. Essential Requirements To establish a successful horseboarding operation, several key elements are needed: Quality Fencing and Secure Gating:  To prevent escapes and ensure the safety of the horses. Stable and Shelter:  Adequate protection from the elements is necessary, including well-ventilated stables for stall boarding and shelters in pasture areas. Access to Water and Quality Feed:  Constant availability of clean, fresh water and a supply of good-quality hay or pasture. Exercise Areas and Riding Trails:  These are highly desirable and can increase the value of your boarding services. Veterinary Care Plan:  Having a plan for routine veterinary care and emergencies is a must. Manure Management System:  To maintain a clean and healthy environment and comply with local regulations. By carefully planning your lease terms, setting competitive prices, and ensuring that your property meets the necessary care and safety standards, you can create a thriving equestrian boarding business that benefits both you and the horse owners in your community. Property Preparation and Maintenance Getting your property ready for equestrian boarding is no small task. Here’s what you need to consider.   Each horse requires a significant amount of space for exercise, so you’ll need to have paddocks or pastures that are safe and suitable. You must also provide adequate shelter, clean water sources, and an easy-to-navigate network of fencing and gates that can stand up to the abuse of enthusiastic equines. Equine safety is paramount. Regular facility checks and addressing any potential hazards immediately are essential. This includes making sure there are no sharp edges that horses could rub against and ensuring there are no toxic plants within reach. Properties that have been only slightly neglected can quickly deteriorate under the regular impact of hooves and weather. Regular maintenance is key. This could range from fixing broken fences to ensuring there’s proper drainage in paddocks. Interested in Leasing Your Property? For property owners considering leasing for equestrian boarding, the potential is vast. The key to a successful venture lies in understanding the market, preparing your property, setting the right terms, and maintaining a high-quality, safe environment for both the horses and their owners. With favorable partnerships, clear communication, and a love for horses, your property could become a cherished boarding destination in the equestrian world. Listing on LandGate is free and property owners are not obligated to accept any offers they receive. LandGate’s marketplace provides landowners with the opportunity to advertise their property to a large group of potential lessors interested in their property!

California, a state known for its varied landscapes and booming economy, offers ample opportunities for leasing property and land. Whether you're looking into commercial real estate in bustling city centers like San Francisco and Los Angeles, agricultural land in the fertile Central Valley, or residential properties in the scenic coastal towns, understanding the ins and outs of the leasing process in this diverse state is crucial. This resource aims to explore the different lease opportunities for property owners in California to make money on their land. Key Takeaways: Solar Leasing : California's solar energy leadership offers landowners income through long-term leases. Key considerations include maintenance and property value. Wind Leasing : Ideal wind conditions provide lucrative opportunities. Factors to consider are wildlife impact and lease terms. Carbon Credits : Engage in carbon offset programs for new revenue, requiring long-term land stewardship. Agricultural Leasing : Lucrative options in California’s diverse agricultural sector. Consider water rights and crop suitability. Ranch Leasing : Supports income through grazing and equestrian activities, requiring attention to management and ecosystem impact. Recreational Leasing : Scenic land can be used for tourism, balancing income with conservation. Consider zoning and liability. Hunting Leasing : Generates income while maintaining ecological balance. Ensure clear terms for game and safety requirements. Solar Leasing Potential in California Over the last few years, California has distinguished itself as one of the nation's leaders in solar energy production. According to   Statista , California has the greatest installed capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) of any U.S. state, particularly within its desert regions. However, the area’s success in meeting the state and the nation’s renewable energy goals is running up against the state’s biggest challenge: having enough water. Despite the challenge of navigating limited water resources, California continues to lead in U.S. solar energy production, presenting a unique opportunity for landowners in California to lease their property for solar energy. Property owners have the opportunity to lease their land for solar panel installation, contributing to clean energy production while earning income through lease payments from a solar developer. In a solar lease agreement, the solar provider installs panels on the property, and the homeowner leases the system for typically 15 to 25 years. For those considering this option, it's crucial to grasp the financial implications, maintenance terms, and how the agreement may impact the property's value during the lease term. Wind Leasing Potential in California California also presents significant opportunities for wind energy development, particularly in regions like the Tehachapi Pass and the San Gorgonio Pass, where wind conditions are among the best in the country. By leasing land for wind turbines, property owners can contribute to sustainable energy initiatives while generating steady income. Wind lease agreements, similar to solar, involve a long-term commitment, but they offer the advantages of utilizing large areas of land that may not be suitable for traditional agricultural or developmental purposes. This form of land use not only supports California's renewable energy goals but also provides a lucrative option for landowners to maximize the use of their property. Key considerations include the wind farm's impact on local wildlife, the lease's duration, compensation structure, and any necessary easements. Carbon Credit Leasing Potential in California In addition to renewable energy opportunities, California landowners have the unique potential to   sell carbon credits  from their land through carbon credit programs. Carbon credits are essentially tradable certificates that represent the right to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases. Landowners can generate these credits by engaging in practices that reduce emissions or capture carbon, such as reforestation, sustainable forestry management, or restoring wetlands and natural habitats. These practices not only contribute to the fight against climate change but also offer a new revenue stream for landowners through the sale of carbon credits in regulated markets or voluntary offset programs. With California's robust environmental regulations and its   cap-and-trade program , there's a growing demand for carbon offsets, making carbon credit leasing a viable and potentially profitable option for property owners in the state. While this opportunity may lead to financial gains, the long-term nature of carbon sequestration projects compels landowners to contemplate the lasting influence of their commitment to land stewardship in these agreements. Agricultural Leasing Potential in California California's   agricultural sector  includes more than 400 commodities, is among the most productive and diverse in the world, making agricultural land leasing a lucrative option for landowners in the state. With its favorable climate and rich soil, California supports a wide range of crops, from fruits and vegetables to nuts and wine grapes. By leasing their land for agricultural use, property owners can tap into this thriving market, generating steady income while playing a vital role in the food supply chain.   Agricultural land leases  vary in terms, including crop share leases, cash rent leases, and flexible lease agreements, offering landowners flexibility in how they manage their land and share in the agricultural yields. This diversity in leasing options not only benefits landowners but also supports California’s agricultural industry and contributes to local and global food security. When considering leasing agricultural land , it's crucial to factor in elements like water rights , land suitability for crops, and existing farming infrastructure. Lease agreements need to clearly define responsibilities for cultivation, irrigation, and land upkeep. Understanding local agricultural markets and potential crop yields is key to crafting a mutually beneficial lease for landowners and lessees. With sustainable farming advancements and high demand for local produce driving growth in the agricultural sector, agricultural lease contracts remain an appealing option for California landowners. Leasing Ranches in California In addition to opportunities in renewable energy, carbon credit, and agricultural sectors, leasing ranch land in California also represents a unique chance for landowners to generate income while maintaining the land's pastoral beauty and biodiverse ecosystems. Ranch leasing can cover various activities including grazing on cattle ranches , equestrian facilities, hunting grounds, or retreat spaces, providing flexible and potentially lucrative uses for expansive tracts of land. These arrangements can bring steady income and ensure the land is kept in active use, contributing to local economies and preserving traditional ranching lifestyles. For those considering leasing their ranch land, it's important to understand the specific demands of ranch management, animal welfare standards, and the potential impact on local wildlife habitats. Properly structured leases can harmonize conservation efforts with agricultural productivity, ensuring that California's ranch lands continue to thrive for generations to come. Landowners interested in leasing their ranches must pay close attention to the lease's specifications, including land use restrictions, grazing rights, water access, and management of natural resources. Understanding the impacts of ranching activities on local ecosystems is crucial, as it directly affects sustainable practices and the preservation of the natural landscape. While ranching leases offer the opportunity for considerable returns, they also require a commitment to responsible land stewardship and a comprehensive understanding of animal conservation. Recreational Land Leasing Potential in California California's natural beauty and diverse landscapes also present vast opportunities for recreational land leasing. Landowners with properties in scenic areas can capitalize on the state's thriving tourism and outdoor recreation industry by leasing their land for activities such as camping, hiking, fishing, and wildlife tours. This not only creates an additional revenue stream, but also promotes conservation and appreciation of natural resources. Recreational land leasing can vary from short-term events to longer commitments for businesses focused on ecotourism or adventure sports, providing flexibility to landowners. With proper management, such leases can enhance visitors' experiences while respecting the environmental integrity and sustainability of the land. This segment of leasing exemplifies how economic incentives align with conservation goals, benefiting landowners and nature enthusiasts alike. Property owners contemplating   leasing land for recreation  need to navigate through zoning regulations, liability concerns, and land conservation considerations. It is recommended to establish clear rules and guidelines for visitors to uphold natural habitats and ensure their safety. With the rising demand for exclusive outdoor experiences, leasing land for recreational activities has the potential to generate substantial income for landowners in California, all while fostering conservation efforts and fostering appreciation for the state's natural landscapes. Hunting Leasing Potential in California For landowners in California,   leasing hunting land  presents an attractive opportunity to generate income while ensuring the sustainable use of their property. To maximize both conservation efforts and profitability, it's essential to establish clear leasing agreements that define the types of game permitted for hunting, the seasons during which hunting is allowed, and specific hunting methods that are acceptable. This not only helps in maintaining the ecological balance but also in preserving the habitat for future generations. Landowners should also consider the safety measures and insurance requirements to protect both the hunters and the integrity of the property. By carefully structuring their hunting leases and promoting responsible wildlife management practices, California landowners can contribute to the local economy, support conservation goals, and provide enthusiasts with an ethical hunting experience. How to Lease Land in California List your land for lease for free on LandGate's marketplace to connect with a wide range of potential lessees. LandGate does not charge any listing fees or commissions! Interested in learning about how much your land in California is worth for sale and lease opportunities? Get a free Property Report on LandGate's map to learn more about your land and its estimated value.

Key Takeaways: Location is a critical factor for solar farm land suitability, often more important than the actual acreage. Proximity to electrical infrastructure, such as substations and transmission lines, significantly influences solar developers' interest in a parcel. The solar farm project typically progresses through four phases: Development (1-5 years), Construction (2-4 months), Operations (20-50 years), and Decommissioning. Leasing land for solar farms poses some risks, such as the potential bankruptcy of the developer, which may lead to lease handovers and payment gaps. Landowners might continue farming or other activities during the development phase but will face restrictions during construction and operations. Surface leasing for solar is possible even if mineral rights are leased or owned by another party, with developers coordinating to avoid interference. LandGate offers a free platform where landowners can list their land for solar leasing, facilitating connections with interested solar developers. Do I have enough land for a solar farm? When it comes to solar farm land requirements , location is more important than the amount of land you have. Even if you only have a few acres, you still have a chance to generate income by leasing your land for a solar farm. This is because solar developers also consider proximity to electrical infrastructure (substations and transmission lines) and a few other factors as they evaluate parcels of interest. To find your land's value for solar leasing, you can find your parcel on the map at l andgate.com and generate your free property report. How long will a solar developer be on my property? Once you sign the solar lease agreement, or option to lease, there are generally four phases to a solar farm project: 1) Development Phase (sometimes referred to as the Option Period) – This could take anywhere from 1 – 5 years. It will include planning, permitting and regulatory matters. There is a possibility that during this phase, the operator may decide not to complete the project due to financial or regulatory restrictions. 2) Construction Phase – This typically lasts between 2 and 4 months while they install the solar panels and supporting infrastructure. 3) Operations Phase (sometimes referred to as the Production Phase) – During this phase, the solar panels should actively be producing energy. This phase could last anywhere from 20 – 50 years depending on the specific lease agreement. 4) Decommissioning Phase – Unless the solar developer negotiates the right to extend the lease for another lengthy operations phase, the solar panels and supporting structures will be removed and they work with you to restore the property to its original condition pre-lease. What happens if the solar developer goes out of business? During the lengthy leasing period, it is possible that the lease may change hands at some point, or that the developer goes bankrupt. If the solar developer goes bankrupt, the solar farm may be sold to another developer, who would take over the lease and continue operating the project as planned. This means that there is a potential for gaps in the lease payments, but the developer who purchases the solar farm would be responsible for any back payments. There is a level of risk associated with leasing your land for solar energy (and many benefits!), so it’s important to have potential lease agreements reviewed by a licensed attorney. Will I still be able to farm and run cattle on my property if I lease it to a solar developer? Usually, solar developers will allow landowners to continue farming, running cattle, or carrying out other activities on their land during the option/ development period. If they elect to begin construction, the landowner will be restricted from further activities that would interfere with the construction, development, and operations phases of the solar lease. Can I lease the surface for solar if I already leased the minerals for oil and gas? In general, mineral leasing and surface leasing can coexist . Yes, you can still lease your land for a solar farm if the minerals are already leased. The solar company will work with you and the operator of the lease to ensure that there are dedicated locations set aside for future drilling and development operations. In these cases, there will likely be a negotiation between the solar developer and the oil and gas company. The solar developer will not be able to move forward with the project until they are certain there will be no interference from oil and gas drilling operations. Can I lease my surface rights for solar energy if someone else owns the mineral rights? Yes, you can still lease your land for solar energy if someone else owns the minerals. In most states, the mineral estate is dominant over the surface estate. This means that the mineral owner has the right to grant an oil and gas lease to an operator, who then has the right to use as much of the surface as is reasonably necessary to produce oil and gas. The solar developer will know if the minerals have been leased. If they have been leased, the developer will attempt to coordinate with the oil and gas company to ensure they can install solar panels on your land. If the minerals have not been leased, the solar developer will contact the mineral owner in hopes that a deal can be made before the minerals are ever leased. You can learn more about surface vs. mineral rights here! Landowners can list their land for lease for solar energy for free on LandGate's open marketplace. Solar developers use our data to plan new projects and contact interested landowners with offers through their listings! It starts by generating your free property report on our map:

The landscape of energy production and consumption is rapidly transforming across the United States. With increased emphasis on renewable sources, battery energy storage has become a linchpin in the nation's energy security and sustainability goals. For property owners and commercial real estate agents, understanding the market implications of this shift is crucial for staying ahead in an industry that is becoming increasingly intertwined with modern energy solutions. If you're interested if your property is suitable for a battery storage site, get a free LandApp property report and check out the Energy Storage Value Index Score: The Role of Energy Storage in the US Over the past decade, the rise of battery energy storage in the US has shifted from a niche market to a key player in the nation's energy strategy. With advancements in technology and a reduction in storage costs, consumers and grid operators alike are reaping the benefits. These innovations allow for increased integration of intermittent renewable sources, like wind and solar, delivering a more reliable and resilient power supply. The appeal of energy storage  is threefold: it lowers electricity costs, reduces emissions, and supports the grid by providing ancillary services like frequency regulation and peak shaving. The significance of these capabilities for property owners and commercial real estate agents is undeniable, as they not only drive environmental stewardship but also offer financial incentives in the form of tax credits and lease agreements with energy companies. Criteria for Selection Curating a list of top energy storage sites requires a careful examination of several critical variables . We focused on a multiplicative method considering factors such as storage capacity, the adoption of innovative technologies, and each site's environmental contribution. High-capacity sites represent significant investments and an important milestone for the renewable energy sector. The incorporation of pioneering storage solutions highlights a forward-thinking approach that could serve as a blueprint for future installations. The sustainable infrastructure surrounding these storage facilities underscores a broader commitment to reducing the carbon footprint of energy production. Top 10 Battery Energy Storage Sites 1. Gateway Energy Storage, California The Gateway Energy Storage project in San Diego County boasts one of the largest capacities in the region at 230MWh. Designed and operated by LS Power, this system uses lithium-ion batteries to enhance grid stability and support the integration of solar power . 2. Vistra Moss Landing Energy Storage, California Moss Landing, situated on the coast of Monterey Bay, is undergoing a transformation into a clean energy hub. Vistra Energy's project, with an initial capacity of 300MWh, leverages the site's existing infrastructure from a retired power plant to provide grid reliability during peak demand periods. 3. Manatee Energy Storage Center, Florida Built by NextEra Energy Resources, the Manatee Energy Storage Center in Parrish is expected to be the largest facility of its kind in the world, with a final capacity of 409MWh. It uses the innovative Form Energy's aqueous air battery, offering a grid-scale, long-duration energy storage solution. 4. Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest region, spearheaded by PSE, is seeing a series of ambitious projects designed to harness energy from the Columbia Basin's hydroelectric plants. With capacities in the hundreds of megawatt-hour range, these will be critical in balancing the variability inherent in renewable energy sources. 5. LeConte Energy Storage, New Jersey Dominion Energy's LeConte project in New Jersey is a testament to the state's commitment to renewable energy. With a 62.5MWh capacity, it integrates with the local grid to provide cleaner, more reliable electricity to homes and businesses in the region. 6. Indian Energy's Energy Storage Facility, Indiana Located in the heart of the Midwest, Indiana's energy storage facility operated by Indian Energy provides grid regulation and renewable energy integration. Its 20MW/20MWh system contributes to a more balanced and efficient electrical network. 7. Gladiator Energy Storage, California A mammoth battery standing at the heart of the Mojave Desert, the Gladiator Energy Storage, constructed by Southern California Edison, is endowed with a stunning 400MWh capacity. Serving Los Angeles and Southern California, it embodies the state's ambitious energy storage goals and complements the area's extensive solar resources. 8. Jasper Power Project, South Carolina Fluence's Jasper Power Project in South Carolina is a leading example of how energy storage is empowering local communities. Coupled with the Jasper solar farm, this 75MWh facility mitigates the impact of extreme weather on the grid and guarantees a more resilient power supply. 9. KBIG-I and -II, Texas The two segments of the KBIG energy storage system in the Lone Star State are setting the standard for grid reliability in the central US. With its cutting-edge lithium-ion batteries, KBIG-I and -II act as a bulwark against the fluctuations inherent in Texas's wind-powered energy grid. 10. Goldendale Energy Storage, Washington In the lush hills of the Pacific Northwest, the Goldendale Energy Storage project, developed by SWERB, provides grid stability  through its 4-hour duration lithium-ion battery system. It complements the local wind and hydro generation, enhancing the balance between energy supply and demand. Impact on Property Values and Investments The placement of these energy storage sites directly influences the surrounding real estate's desirability and commercial interests. Proximity to such facilities can enhance property values, especially for assets with energy-intensive operations seeking to reduce their ecological footprint. Investors and developers are showing increased interest in properties near energy storage sites, recognizing the strategic advantages they offer. The future of battery energy storage in the US is rife with potential as regulations and market dynamics continue to evolve. Property owners and commercial real estate agents are presented with unique opportunities to capitalize on this growth by identifying suitable sites for new installations, engaging with utilities and project developers, and innovating with mixed-use developments that integrate energy storage solutions. In the broader context, the symbiosis between the real estate and energy industries stands to reinforce the United States' commitment to a sustainable future. The top 10 battery energy storage sites we've highlighted are not just standalone developments but heralding a new era where property is more than just land – it is also the trove that harnesses the potential of tomorrow's energy paradigms. Interested in a Battery Energy Storage Lease? Battery energy storage is not just an emerging trend; it is the new reality driving the transformation of energy landscapes in the United States and around the globe. The ten sites we've covered are beacons of innovation and sustainability, setting the stage for a cleaner, more efficient future. Property owners and commercial real estate agents are key players in this transition, with the power to catalyze further investments and shape the developments that will define the next generation of sustainable living and energy collecting. Property owners can lease their land for battery storage to contribute to the growing battery storage boom- an initiative that helps to stabilize the U.S. power grid while generating long-term, passive revenue. If you're interested in leasing your property, list it for lease completely free on LandApp's Marketplace:

Key Takeaways: Iowa is a progressive state for solar farm development, with a projected increase in solar farms due to local interconnection queues and community solar programs. The state offers incentives that boost renewable energy generation, making solar leasing an attractive option for landowners seeking long-term financial stability. Landowners can earn a steady income through solar lease payments, though valuation considerations and offer assessments are crucial. LandGate serves as a marketplace connecting landowners with solar developers, providing data intelligence, and facilitating informed decision-making. The leasing process involves several steps, starting with negotiations to secure favorable terms, followed by an option agreement, and culminating in a lease agreement once grid capacity is confirmed. Only about 20% of solar options become leases due to grid capacity bottlenecks, though government efforts aim to alleviate these issues. Solar projects benefit from the Inflation Reduction Act and other state incentives, which enhance solar energy's financial attractiveness. Solar farms in Iowa vary in size, from community solar projects to larger commercial farms, with energy output supporting local and grid needs. LandGate provides tools for landowners to determine the solar leasing potential of their properties, aiding in the transition to renewable energy sources. What Should Landowners Know About Solar Farm Development in Iowa? As of November 2023, Iowa is a progressive state for solar farm activity and development. The number of solar farms in Iowa is projected to increase significantly over the next decade with the increase in project development from local interconnection queues and community solar programs. Iowa has implemented various incentives promoting renewable energy generation across the state which have ultimately increased the state’s solar awareness and utility-scale solar development. Many solar developers are actively planning new projects across the state. This presents a great opportunity for landowners to earn a steady stream of income from their land through solar lease payments , also known as solar payments. Landowners in Iowa are receiving offers from developers to lease their land for solar farms. They often wonder how much their land is worth for a solar farm and if they are receiving a good offer. Leasing land for solar farms helps landowners provide their future generations with long-term financial stability. Several factors go into solar farm valuations that landowners and realtors should consider. LandGate is a marketplace that provides data intelligence to landowners while also providing them the opportunity to connect with Iowa solar developers. Traditionally, developers would knock on landowners' doors or cold-call them. This old-fashioned way is not easy for landowners. It can be perceived as unwanted solicitation at a time when the landowner is not ready and doesn’t have enough information to feel comfortable talking about a solar farm on their land. LandGate provides useful data to landowners or to their agents to inform them for free about the value of their land for solar farm leasing. Equipped with more information, landowners can make good and fast decisions about pursuing a solar lease. What is the Process for Leasing Land for a Solar Farm in Iowa? Step 1: Solar Lease Negotiation Period in Iowa The solar lease negotiation process is the first step landowners take when interested in having a solar farm on their property. Land professionals can assist landowners during this period to ensure they receive the best deal possible and understand the time between signing the lease and having an active solar farm on their land. During the negotiations, landowners can negotiate solar lease payments, the length of the lease for the solar farm, and the percentage of the escalator to combat inflation. Step 2: Solar Lease Option Agreement in Iowa The next step is for the landowner to get a solar farm option agreement. At that point, the solar developer has done a preliminary study, also called a feasibility study, to know if the site is potentially suitable for solar farm development. Why Can’t I Get a Solar Lease Agreement Directly? The process of a solar farm project in Iowa begins with optioning the land, which is called “site control” by developers. The reason solar developers cannot go straight to a solar lease is that they have to evaluate the land thoroughly. Typically the initial screening study is good enough that this first due diligence process is all that is needed. Another larger uncertainty for solar developers is to know if the solar project will be accepted by the utility on the electrical infrastructure (or electrical network). We refer to this phase as “utility’s application” in the graph above and developers refer to this phase as “queue submission”. This means that the solar project enters the interconnection queue of that region waiting for regulatory approval. These queues are known as Independent Systems Operator (ISO) or Regional Transmission Organization (RTO). During this period, the analysis of possible engineering and land factors is conducted to determine the feasibility of the project to be constructed and connected to the grid. This is the reason why the solar developer starts with an option, as not all solar projects are approved by the ISO/RTO. How Likely Will My Iowa Solar Option Become a Solar Lease? At the moment, about 20% of solar options become a solar lease and are built into a solar farm. Currently, the electrical infrastructure network is a big bottleneck. There are more applications of solar projects to get on transmission lines than available capacity. However, governments are aware of this situation and are working to ease it, in order to foster more solar development. This means that it will likely get resolved in the next few years. The problem of available capacity applies only to utility-scale solar farm projects, which are typically greater than 5 MW capacity. Where Can a Landowner Get More Information About the Solar Lease / Option Period in Iowa? LandGate assists landowners with determining the value of their land for a solar farm. We do this by taking into account the proximity of substations, transmission lines, and state incentives - each of which plays a role in site control. Am I Getting Paid During the Solar Option Period? Yes. Solar payments start during the option period but are usually smaller compared to the solar payments during the lease or construction phase of the solar farm. Step 3: Solar Lease Agreement in Iowa Once the availability of grid capacity is confirmed, the solar project is moved to a “planned” phase. During this time, the developers will exercise the solar farm option agreement to become a solar farm lease agreement. Typically larger solar rent payments start at this time. Step 4: Solar Farm Construction in Iowa Solar payments are phased as the project progresses. It starts with small solar lease payments during the option phase. Then it increases during the solar lease phase, it increases again during the construction phase of the solar farm, and the largest solar payment occurs when the solar farm is active and generating electricity. How Long Does It Take to Build a Solar Farm in Iowa? Usually, it will take between 1 to 2 years to build a utility-scale solar farm. It takes less time to build a community solar farm since they are usually smaller in size. Step 5: Active Solar Farm in Iowa After the construction has been completed, the solar farm is now considered ‘active.’ For landowners, this phase is called ‘production,’ as it signifies that their land is currently producing energy for the electrical grid that it is interconnected with. The production phase lasts anywhere from 25 to 50 years depending on what was negotiated on the lease. What Can a Solar Farm Power in Iowa? In Iowa, the average solar farm size for active farms is 33.5 acres generating approximately 4.6 megawatts (MW) of electricity when operating under optimal conditions. This output has the potential to cater to the energy needs of around 3,381 households as the typical electricity consumption of an average household in Iowa stands at 11,916 kWh per year. What is the Impact of the IRA and Other Factors in Iowa? Iowa solar incentives have encouraged solar companies to develop more projects across the state. Additionally, favorable market conditions for electricity prices are encouraging investment into the solar sector in Iowa. Landowners and real estate agents should understand these incentives and market conditions to be prepared for potential offers for solar project deals. Inflation Reduction Act: This bill was passed in 2022 and became effective at the beginning of 2023. It provides incentives to reduce renewable energy costs for organizations on a business, educational institution, and state level. More specifically, in Iowa, solar energy is eligible for a tax credit. Net Metering: With net metering, consumers are allowed to get retail credit for the surplus electricity generated from local power systems that are sent back to the grid. Upfront Solar Tax Incentive: In 2012, Iowa introduced an initial solar tax incentive, enjoying support from both political parties. Since its inception, this program has undergone three bipartisan expansions and enhancements. At present, the solar tax incentive can cover a maximum of 15% of a solar project's expenses. When combined with the federal investment tax credit, these two incentives can collectively cover as much as 45% of the total solar system costs. The credit limits, set at $5,000 for residential and $20,000 for business applications, promote numerous smaller-scale projects throughout the state. Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS): Iowa became the first state in the nation to introduce an RPS goal in 1983. The requirements included allocating 105 MW to clean energy sources between the two most prominent electric utilities in the area at the time; MidAmerican Energy and Alliant Energy Interstate Power and Light (IPL). However, by 2011, this target had been reached and no updates had been made to its minimum requirements. The combination of an increase in LMP pricing plus a slight increase in PPA pricing has made solar energy an attractive option for electricity generation in Iowa. LMP is a pricing method used in electricity markets to determine the cost of electricity at specific locations (called ‘nodes’) within the electrical grid. A PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) is a contract between a renewable energy developer (such as a solar company) and a power purchaser (such as a utility). Over the last three years, Iowa experienced a 9.3% increase in PPA pricing and an average price LMP price increase of 33.6% (this is expected to increase by an additional 6.3% in 2024). In the context of solar energy projects in Iowa, the relationship between LMP and PPA pricing lies in how the PPA sets the pricing terms for the electricity being sold. The fixed price in the PPA provides certainty to the solar developer about the revenue they will receive for the electricity that they produce. Meanwhile, the LMP serves as the market price for electricity at a specific node. When the LMP at a particular node in the grid is higher than the contract price specified in the PPA, it benefits the solar company, as they will receive the contract price and sell the electricity at a higher market price (increasing their revenues). This combination has aided in the rise of solar projects in Iowa. Commercial, Community, & Behind-the-Meter Iowa Solar Farms Typically, landowners and land professionals think of solar farms as huge plots of land covered in solar panels out in the middle of nowhere. However, this usually is not the case! In Iowa, solar farms are typically 33.5 acres, allowing about 4.6 MW of electricity to be produced under ideal conditions. Commercial solar projects are the largest energy projects being about 40+ acres of land. These solar farms usually feed their energy into the grid to the surrounding area. Realistically these solar farms can be any size as it depends on the capacity available within the grid. Community solar farms in Iowa serve energy customers directly within the same area or community. These solar farms tend to be smaller in size in relation to acreage and megawatts. Community solar is different from residential solar as residential solar panels are found on top of rooftops. Community solar projects can be larger, it just depends on the location. Commercial, residential, and industrial solar farms are all considered to be behind-the-meter solar farms. Behind-the-meter means that they are intended to generate power primarily for on-site consumption rather than selling it to the grid. Community solar and utility-scale solar farms generate energy that is utilized in the grid to send it to all consumers a part of that grid. This means that they are front-of-the-meter solar farms. Discover Land’s Value For Solar Leasing in Iowa The solar energy industries within Iowa are growing to achieve energy goals for clean energy development. This makes it easier for landowners and real estate agents to participate in solar development deals. Landowners in Iowa can receive a free solar leasing estimate by identifying and claiming ownership of their parcel on our map. Realtors can assist their clients in learning about their property’s potential for solar energy by using LandGate. Land professionals can utilize LandGate’s data and analytics to provide their clients with information about their resource’s potential.

Key Takeaways: Understanding Payment Structures : Landowners should be aware of different solar lease payment structures, as some are more beneficial than others. Lease Options : Developers often offer lease options granting exclusive rights for 2-6 years, but this doesn't guarantee a solar farm will be built. Fixed Annual Rent Payments : These agreements typically last 25-30 years and may include an annual escalator to account for inflation. Solar Royalty Payments : Less common than rent payments, royalties are based on production and can be more complex to calculate. Selling Payments : Landowners can sell future payments, with royalties often marketed at a higher premium due to potential value increases. Property Value Awareness : It's crucial to check your property's solar value before signing any lease agreements. Landowners need to be aware of the different types of solar lease payment structures that can be offered by energy companies seeking to develop solar resources owned by private property owners. Some solar deal structures are more valuable than others to landowners. These agreements can sometimes last decades, so landowners need to ensure they understand the terms they are agreeing to and know the difference between solar rent payments and solar royalty payments. The credit for the development of these types of lease agreements can largely be attributed to the oil and gas industry’s long history of negotiating with large ranch owners and farmers who happen to settle upon valuable oil and gas reserves. The difficulty is the ability to negotiate terms that both value the risk, time, and capital being put forth by the energy company while meeting the private property owner’s price expectations. In today’s emerging renewable energy segments, LandGate is seeing a multitude of structures being used to lease and purchase properties for highly lucrative energy generation projects. As a landowner , you should always look to educate yourself and understand the corporation and the specific project they plan to use the land for before negotiating any terms. It is important to understand why the company needs your land, and how much income is expected to be generated. Depending on the risks associated with the venture, certain solar lease payment structures and clauses may be more appropriate than others. Solar Option + Fixed Annual Solar Rent Payments Solar Lease Option Property owners are typically first approached by developers offering a lease option. This option agreement usually provides for a small annual rent payment to be paid to the landowner and grants the developer an exclusive right, for 2 - 6 years, to enter into a formal lease agreement. Property owners need to understand that an option agreement does not mean you are guaranteed to have a solar farm built on your property. Generally, developers use this type of agreement to quickly contract large amounts of acreage, and then go back and decide which properties they will actually build on or decide not to lease. Developers can contract large positions with little to no upfront capital expenses. However, many of the property owners may never see a solar farm built on their property and get stuck under an exclusive lease option agreement when a developer decides not to build or decides to build on a neighboring property. Understanding the rights you are giving away when signing a lease option agreement is important, as it could limit your property’s marketability for solar resources. Annual Solar Rent Payments There are many ways that landowners can get paid to lease their land for a solar farm . Some solar lease agreements may offer a structure using a fixed annual payment for a set term length of usually about 25-30 years and can include a bonus cash payment paid once the lease is executed. Sometimes an annual “escalator” is included to account for possible inflation or tax increases which increases the annual rent payment by a fixed % each year the property is leased. This structure has predominantly been used in the farming and agricultural industries which have highly predictable revenue allowing for a fixed payment structure. This type of lease is increasingly being used by renewable energy developers as a way to acquire land at extremely low costs compared to the revenue they can generate over the life of the project. If you are offered a fixed annual rent payment, we highly recommend adding an escalator of at least 2-3% to compensate for inflation. Electricity prices have increased with time, and the landowner will unfortunately not benefit from higher future electricity prices with this type of fixed annual rent payment. Clean energy projects also receive a large part of their revenues from the monetary value the government and private sectors have placed on eliminating greenhouse gas emissions. Landowners under a fixed annual rent will not capture the revenue increase caused by changes in regulatory policy or social value. If you have been offered a solar lease agreement with fixed terms, we recommend searching for your parcel on LandGate.com to get your free property report and compare the offer with our calculated solar lease estimate. LandGate's solar lease calculation uses advanced algorithms and proprietary data to analyze the resource potential of your property. Solar Royalty Payments are NOT as Common as Solar Rental Payments The music industry, movies, wind, oil & gas, mineral - all these industries use royalty payments. Why are solar farms different? Royalty payments based on production are the standard payment structure in oil and gas lease agreements . Although commodity prices are extremely volatile, production volumes and commodity prices are generally public information, making them easier to calculate. Because there are so many variables in trying to calculate revenues and expenses associated with solar farm production, annual rental payments are more efficient. Many of these efficiencies would be impossible to predict or project at the time of negotiating a solar farm lease agreement with the developer. Over 30 years, we can expect the technology to improve and costs to reduce over time in just about every industry. However, this is especially true in the renewable energy industries where we have seen the cost of a solar panel decrease by over 15% since just 2018. Solar farm economics will continue to improve translating to an increase in resource value for property owners. Make sure you do not negotiate blindly, always try to fully understand the project and lease structure being offered before jumping to quick decisions. These agreements can last for decades and could leave you falling victim to predatory leasing tactics if they are not carefully read. Can I Sell My Solar Royalties or Solar Rent Payments? Landowners receiving payments from a solar farm on their property can market and sell those future payments whether it is a royalty payment or a fixed rental payment. Royalty payments can be marketed at a higher premium than fixed rental payments because the value of the royalty may have the potential to increase at some point in the future. Property owners can market the payments they receive from a solar lease with LandGate. Be Aware: Check What Your Property is Worth for Solar The variables that derive a property's resource value can change every day. Make sure you check your property's solar value before you sign your next solar lease agreement.